upon lepidopterous larvae, dec. 321 



although it appears perfectly smooth to the naked eye. Of course 

 there are no hypodermis cells beneath the larval cuticle, for these 

 structures have sunk to a lower level after forming the cuticle of 

 the pupal wing, which now intervenes between them and the 

 larval cuticle. These cells (h. c.) are extremely long and narrow 

 when then- whole length is shown in the section : their bases 

 become attenuated and pass into fine fibre -like processes : their 

 upper parts become continuous with an apparently homogeneous 

 layer (d. I. c), which represents the partially formed lower lamel- 

 lated layer of the cuticle. Above this is the previously formed 

 superficial layer (s. I. c), which is ochreous in colour, but which 

 quickly deepens into black on exposure to ah 1 when the larval skin 

 is thrown off. This latter layer is seen to be much thicker and 

 rougher than that of the larva. 



Fig. 14. Natural size. The larva of Paniscus cephalotes, 

 externally parasitic upon the larva of Dicranura vinula. The 

 larva is seen from beneath, and it is of very exceptional size. The 

 D. vinula larva was attacked by several of these parasites, of 

 which all but one were destroyed, and the latter therefore appears 

 to have attained the maximum size, for the host was not quite 

 demolished. 



Fig. 15. Natural size. The same larva, seen from the left side. 



Fig. 16, x 24'5 diameters. The base of the left antenna of the 

 imago of Gonoptera libatrix, as seen from the left side in the 

 attitude of rest. In this attitude the main part of the antenna 

 passes backwards beneath the wings, while a tuft of hairs rising 

 from the base is brought over the eye of the moth, When the 

 moth is disturbed the antennae are brought forward, and the same 

 action raises the tuft and uncovers the eyes. When at rest the 

 brilliancy of the eyes is thus prevented from interfering with the 

 very perfect protective resemblance to a dead leaf, and the eyes 

 are also defended from dust, &c, especially during the prolonged 

 rest of hybernation, which in this species takes place in the 

 imaginal stage. 



