to the periphery. M. Arndt^ the principal advocate of the 

 importance of the fibrillar substance in the grey cortical 

 layer of the cerebrum, does not extend this importance to all 

 the reticulum of the base of the encephalon and of the spinal 

 cord. He continues to regard this reticulum as of a connec- 

 tive character, and even in that of the brain he distinguishes 

 both nervous and connective elements. M. Besser, as we 

 have already said, describes the neuroglia thus developed in 

 the child at birth as producing, in consequence of its evolu- 

 tion, not only the nervous elements, but also the vessels of 

 the encephalon. This view of things is energetically repu- 

 diated by M. Arndt. According to this observer the vessels 

 of the grey cortical substance, like those of the whole hemi- 

 spheres, owe their formation to fusiform cells which have 

 nothing to do with the real nervous element. The cerebral 

 pia mater is a late formation of membrane, since it does 

 not exist as such until the fifth mouth of foetal life. Its forma- 

 tion is in direct relation with that of the vessels. 



On the Termination of Nerves in the Retina of Men and 

 Animals. By Max Schultze, with one plate. 'Archiv f. 

 Mikrosk. Anat.,' 4th part, 1869. — Certain fibrillae ensheath- 

 ing the rods and cones are described as the true nerve- 

 endings. 



Recent Researches on the Retina. — W. Krause has pub- 

 lished a very complete resume of the vast amount of work 

 which Kas been done on this matter during the past three 

 years, in which he combats Max Schultze's views as to the 

 function and structure of the rods and cones. The article 

 has been translated in the last three numbers of the year of 

 Robin's ' Journal de 1' Anatomic.' 



On the Termination of Nerves in the Epithelial Layer of 

 the Skin. By Dr. Podcopaew. ' Schultze's Archiv,' 4th part, 

 1869. — Dr. Podcopaew states that he has been able to trace 

 the nerves into the epithelial layer of the skin of the rabbit 

 and other animals, by means of solutions of chloride of gold. 

 Branched lines come into view lying between the cells of the 

 rete, continuous with easily demonstrable nets lying beneath 

 the rete. From the former, very delicate darkly tinted lines 

 may be traced, which run up between the epithelial cells, and 

 near the surface again form fine plexuses. The subepithelial 

 plexus of nerves consists of non-medullated fibres, on the 

 sides of which a few nuclei are attached. It thus appears 

 that a distinct nervous plexus exists between the rete muco- 

 sum and the proper laminate epithelium. 



On the Relation of the Nerves to the Smooth Muscular 

 Fibres of the Frog's Bladder. By Dr. TolotschinofF. 



