FP YU UN 
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36 LÖNNBERG, FISHES FROM SPITZBERGEN AND KING CHARLES LAND. 
The highest temperature of the water in which fishes 
have been caught by this expedition is + 2,8” C. and the 
lowest is — 1,7” C. Seven species of this collection have 
shown themselves able to stand a temperature of the sur- 
rounding water below zero. These are Centridermichthys 
uncinatus and hamatus, Triglops pingelii, Cyclogaster liparis 
fabricii, Cyclopterus spinosus, Drepanopsetta platessoides and 
Lycodes frigidus. "To this list can be added 19 more species 
according to the experiences of the Norwegian North Atlantic 
Expedition, namely Sebastes marinus. Cottunculus microps, 
Gymnocanthus ventralis, Agonus decagonus, Cyclogaster bathy- 
bii and gelatinosus, Lumpenus måculatus, lampretiformis and 
medius, Hippoglossus hippoglossoides, Gadus saida, Onos rein- 
hardti, Lycodes vahlii, reticulatus, pallidus and murena, Rhod- 
ichthys regina, Myctophum glaciale and Raja hyperborea. Of 
these 26 about one third has been found in the Skagerak- 
Kattegat region, and not less than 13 have by this expedi- 
tion and the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition been col- 
leceted in water with a temperature of at least + 1,5” OC. to 
+ 2 C. and two more in water of + 1,2” C. But although 
they sometimes live in a water with the temperature a little 
above, and sometimes a little below zero they can certainly 
be regarded as true arctic fishes, and partly as deep water 
fishes living in a region with arctic temperature. They are 
really at home in these regions and constitute their normal 
fauna, and are not accidental visitors or guests. But in the 
future the known number of guests may be increased as such 
cam probably now and then be carried thus far north by the 
Gulfstream, the influence of which is conspicuous even north 
of Spitzbergen. 
Since the above was written the results of the Danish 
Ingolf Expedition has been published (>Det Ichthyologiske 
Udbytte» II Bind, 1, by CHR. LÖUTKEN). The paper mentioned 
contains descriptions of new forms, and other valuable in- 
formations about the arctic fish-fauna. ? 
