1-89-90.] THE HURONS. 87 



attention ; for their traditions declare them to be the parent stem, whence 

 other Algonquin tribes have sprung. The latter recognized the claim and 

 at all solemn councils, accorded to the ancestral tribe the title of Grand- 

 father." Mr. Parkman subjoins this note, " The Lenap^, on their part, 

 called all the other Algonquin tribes children, nephews or young brothers, 

 but they confess the superiority of the Wyandotts (Hurons), and the five 

 nations, by yielding them the title of Uncles. They in return call the 

 Lenapd, nephews, or more frequently cousins. This confession proves the 

 antiquity of the Iroquois and Huron families of Indians : that indeed they 

 date back to the earliest ages and were the ancestors of the Algonquins, 

 who greeted Jacques Cartier on his arriving at the Indian village, now the 

 site of the city of Montreal, on the 2nd October, 1535. 



The Jesuits styled the country of the Hurons around Lake Huron, " the 

 granary of the Algonquins." 



The Indians who met Cartier on his arrival at Hochelaga or Montreal, in 

 1585, were doubtless Indians of the Huron Iroquois family. Faillon 

 (Histoire de la Colonic Fran^aise) says he believes that the Indians found 

 on the St. Lawrence were Iroquois, who were succeeded in Champlain's 

 time by Algonquins. Cartier found Hochelaga to be a village of some 

 magnitude and well fortified with palisades and other means of defence. 

 When he arrived there, one hnndred Indians came down from their bark 

 houses to the shore to meet him, which they did in the most friendly 

 manner. This may be ascribed to the fact that the Indians of Hochelaga 

 seemed to recognize Taignoagny and Donnagaya, the two natives that 

 Cartier had captured at Gaspe in 1534, on the occasion of his first voyage 

 to America, and had now with him as interpreters — or it may have been 

 from the desire of the Abenaquis to get up a trade with the white men. 

 The question, however, is, were these Abenaquis, Huron or Iroquois- 

 Huron Indians ? Before reading Mr. Joseph Pope's admirable essay on 

 "Jacques Cartier, his life and voyages," written in competition for a prize 

 offered by His Honour the Lieutenant Governor of the Province of Quebec, 

 oftered through the Literary and Historical Committee of the " Cercle 

 Catholique " of Quebec, and for which est^ay Mr. Pope received first prize, 

 1 had come to the conclusion in my own mind that these Hochelaga 

 Indians were Hurons or Iroquois-Hurons. Mr. Pope's essay of 1889, now 

 pul)lished in the form of a book, justifies me in this opinion. Mr. Pope 

 writes, " The description which Cartier gives us of the fortifications of 

 Hochelaga and of the structure of the houses, closely resembles that re- 

 corded by the Jesuit missionaries among the Iroquois a hundred years later, 

 and leaves little room to doubt that the people he found there belonged to 

 the Huron-Iroquois family. The method of fortification he describes was 



