30 SVEN LOVEN, ON THE ECHINOIDEA DESCRIBED BY LINN^US. 



modice coiivexa, obliqiie striata, area loiigitudinaliter distincta a lateri- 

 bus si)inis ciliatis compressis, subtus canaliculatis, antrorsum incur- 

 vatis; riina lanceolata dehiscens; nymphie lineares acuminatas; umbones 

 recurvati; aiii area ovata, la?vigata; dentes cardinis duo, anteriore 

 obtiiso majore, altero compresso; tertius dens in altera testa solitarius 

 divaricatus. Color albo-incarnatus, intus albus; margo integer.» 



Tliese descriptioiis are no doubt as many fragments pre- 

 served to us of the primitive »Testacea» in tlie M. L. U., such 

 as they had been originally written down at Drottningholm 

 on schedvxles that have been löst. 



At au carlier period tlian is generally supposed Linn.^us 

 had formed a clear and definite conception of the application 

 to be made of the binary nomenclature in the great work ^) 

 he was preparing. Ahrling -) has very properly drawn atten- 

 tion to the remarkable fact, first observed by him, that in the 

 index to the travels in the isles of Gotland and Oeland ^), 

 LinNjEUS has inserted a systematie enumeration of the plants 

 observed, in which, throughout, every species is designated: 

 by its generic name, its number in the Flora Svecica, then 

 just published *), and a »nomen triviale», almost invariably con- 

 sisting of a single word, printed in italics, and nearly always 

 sought for in vain, in that connexion, at the quoted place in 

 the diary itself ^). It will appear that he took this oppor- 

 tunity of seeing the binominal method in print and thus to 

 give a trial to the great innovation to be introduced into the 

 System, of Avhich it was, in fact, a conditio sine qua non. In 

 the month of december 174!» he >^presided» över the well-known 

 dissertation Pan Svecus ^), on the species of plants eaten or 



') The Species Plantarum. L. to BÄCK -'/a, 'Vn 51; '/s 52; 'V4 53. 

 ^) Studier i den Linnean?ka Nomenclaturen och Synonymiken (Studies 

 on Linnean Nomenclature and Synonymistie), Örebro 1872. 8:0. 

 ^) The dedication is dated 4 of October 1745. 

 *) The preface is dated 10 of August 1745. 

 *) The following instances are taken at random: 

 Index. Diary. 



Veronica 7 spicata p. 72, 128, 216, 228, V. spicata minor. 



5 p. 215, V. fioribus spicatis etc. 



Scirpus 39 maritimvs p. 112, 216, Se. culmo triquetro etc. 



Arundo 102 arenaria p. 139, Ar. foliorum laleribus convolutis etc. 



Sapouaria 346 carolina p. 282, S. calycibus pentaphyllis. 



Dianthus 345 semlharbatiia p. 301, D. floribus aggregatis etc. 

 Pulsatilla 447 retrojlexa p. 47, P. flore minore nigricante. 



' ' p. 98, P. foliis decompositis pinnatis, flore etc. 



* » p. 152, P. flore pendulo etc. 



*) Amoen. Acad. II. p. 225. 



