32 SVKN LOVEN, ON THE ECHINOIDEA DKSCRIBED BV LINNHUS. 



Althougli at the tim(> perfoctly clear about the biuarv 

 nomenclature, Linn^eus applicd it but partially to the species 

 in the Museum Reginae which he dcscribed iu 1751 and 1752. 

 He seems to have kept back the task of definitive denomina- 

 tion until he should have before him a larger series of species 

 to name, for instance an entire gemis. It has aheady been 

 remarked that in the mannscript of the entomological part of 

 the M. L. U. a binary denomination occurs but sparingly as 

 well as ixnequally. It is the same also in the Lectiires ou the 

 Testacea of 1752; in one or another genus species are named 

 nearly throughout, in others scarcely at all, and the rule of 

 the »nomen triviale» a »vocabulum unicum» is not always main- 

 tained. Almost the whole of the Cypraea} are provided with 

 binary denominations, nearh' all identical Avith the final oues, 

 onlv C. cribraria is called arsfiolus as in the Hanley MS, and 

 C. stolida is named spectrum; four species have names of two 

 words, as Mappa geographica, massa vitulina, ovum Yanelli, 

 lapis Hirimdinis ^), and two are unnamed, C. lota and C. erro- 

 nea -). The Bullan are all definitively named, except I), nau- 

 cum which is called B. bullula. Nearly every species of Har- 

 pago and Cassida has receivcd its future name, a few names 

 onlv having been altered afterwards. In Älurex some of the 

 names are the permanent ones, some provisional, »noms de 

 guerre-i^), as ungixis odoratus for Gualt. t. 38, f. A, Argenv. 

 t. 19, f. 6". It is the same in Trochus, Turbo, Nerita, Patella. 

 In Voluta, that is: Conus, the greater number are »noms de 

 guerrec. as »Dräp d'or», »Dentella flava^, and it is nearly the 

 same in Cvlindrus, the future A oluta. Among the Conch?e 



') A current trivial uame, from the old belief that the swallow has 

 a stone in its stomach. L. in Lectures 1772. 



^) When we learu from Hanley that this species in his MS was 

 named erratica, we may conclude that the absurd jErroness, the plural 

 of erro, is the perpetuated raistabe of some careless transcriber. In the 

 Lecture of 1772 it is said of this sjiecies: »from its looking raean and rude 

 it has reccived the name of a vagrant or gijisy.! 



') »Les slavans» says d'Argenvillk, ed. 1742, p. 121: »apellent le.«i 

 □oms frauQois qu"on a donnés des noms de guerre.» His work is full of 

 them, and so are, in other languages, those of RuMPHius, Valextyn and 

 others. as carefully recorded by Schröter in his »Einleitung.» Generally 

 auggested by some random association of ideas not seldom absurd enough, 

 many of these naiues were picked up by LiXN^Us at an early time and 

 set aside for future use. In the Lecture on the Testacea of 1772 he says: 

 »nomina trivialia are to be selected as nearly as possible in accordance 

 with the ideas of the old authors, and the names they have given pre. 

 servcd as far as jiossible.» 



