50 SVEN LOVEN, ON THE ECHINOIDEA DESCRIBED BY LINN^US. 



the University Museum at Upsala. They are represeuted by 

 seventeen specimens, one species beeing extant in live speci- 

 mens, oue in three, and one in two, while seven species arfr 

 single. Besides these ten there are tive additional species, 

 not described by Linn^us, and some of which be probably 

 never saw, represented by seven specimens. Tbi^s there are 

 in all fifteen species in twenty four specimens, all autbentic, 

 labeiled by Thunberg: »Mus. Gust. Ad.;>, that is from the 

 Queen's Cabinet at Drottningholm. They are also distinguished 

 by the printed labels bearing Linnean names wliich in 1790 

 v^ere distribnted by Swartz, with little pretension to accuracy. 

 The list of the whole, prepared by Thunberg on its arrival 

 at Upsala, is still extant. It accords very ncarly with the 

 present state of the collection as detailed above. Thunberg,, 

 who, like his friend Swartz, certainly never bad given any 

 special attention to the Echinoids, seems to have accepted 

 without hesitation the raudom determinations indicated by the 

 printed labels, but for all that his list has no small value 

 from the remarks he very prudently added regardiug the cou- 

 dition of the specimens at the time when he took charge of 

 them, if denuded or with spines, entire or brokeu or even 

 fragmentary, remarks that hold true to this day and not a 

 little help to identify the specimens, while at the same timo 

 they attest the good care that has been taken of the collection 

 ever since. 



The liberal offer kindly made me by my friends Pro- 

 fessors LiLLJEBORG and Tullberg, to place at my disposal for 

 any length of time these precious relics of the Drottningliolm 

 Museum, and the existence near at hand of notes on these very 

 specimens dictated by Linn^eus himself almost immediately 

 upon liuishing their description, and which even on the hrst 

 inspection promised to be of great aid in mceting certaiu 

 defects of the printed volume, all this was inducement enougli 

 for me to uudertake the task of clearing up the hitherto 

 neglected synonymy of the Linnean species of Echinoidea, 

 and eventually to restore, wherc necessary, the denominatious 

 given them in the Systema Natura^ ed. 10, 1758, the zoological 

 al) Urbe condita of binoininal chronology. 



It can also hardly have failed to be rcmarked that unlike 

 the other writings of Linn^eus, which vere widely spread in 

 numerous editions, his Museum Ludovicae Ulrica:^, less accessible 



