APPENDIX 



233 



but til at it is on a limb of a tree or among the boughs. Does it have a 

 song? What are its call-notes? On what is it feeding, berries or insects? 

 And if both birds are present, is the female colored like the male? These 

 are questions which quickly suggest themselves. 



In short, observe everything of interest; form, color, size, call-note and 

 whatever else there is to see, and quickly make in a notebook a memoran- 

 dum of your observations. Then with the assistance of the "key" in your 

 handbook you can easily determine tlie species, which in this instance 

 would be either a male cardinal grosbeak or a male summer tanager. 



Should the student have a dead specimen he can take the dimensions, 

 the chief of which are: First, length from bill tip to tail tip; second, dis- 

 tance from last joint of wing to the point of the longest wing feather; 

 and third, length of tarsus. All the different parts of the bird that it is 

 necessary to observe for identification are indicated in the following dia- 

 gram, which should be carefully studied: 



The ornithologists named below have kindly expressed their willingness 

 to assist, within the range of territory over which they are recognized as 

 authorities, those who may have any difficulty in determining a species. 



