Dec. 28, 1916. Fishes of Panama — Meek and Hildebrand. 229 



also subject to a flow of water in opposite directions for a few miles 

 above its mouth. The water, however, is fresh, as the back water 

 entering it is the fresh water from the main stream which is being held 

 back by the onrush of the tide. This stream too is rocky above the 

 head of tide and its fish fauna is quite rich in species but not in 

 quantity. 



Time did not permit us to follow the course of the main stream 

 beyond the mouth of the Calobre. It would at any rate at the time 

 have been impossible for us to explore the upper tributaries of the 

 Bayano, as they lie within the San Bias region controlled by the hostile 

 San Bias Indians, who do not permit a white man to enter their terri- 

 tory. These streams must, therefore, remain unexplored until these 

 Indians learn that the white man is not their enemy. 



The fish fauna of the Rio Bayano Basin is essentially that of the 

 Rio Tujrra. The following species were obtained by us in the Rio 

 Bayano Basin: Family Siluridce; Pimelodella chagrest, Rhamdia wagneri: 

 Family LoricariidcB; ChcBtostomus fischeri, Ancistrus spinosus sp. nov., 

 Oxyloricaria citurensis, Oxyloricaria panamensis: Family CharacidcB; 

 Astyanax ruherrimus, Astyanax fasciatus, Bryconamericus emperador, 

 Brycon argenteus, Brycon stnatulus, Gephyrocharax atricaudata, Curi- 

 matus magdalefus, HopUas microlepis, Luciocharax heani, Piabucina 

 panamensis, Psetidocheirodon affinis gen. et sp. nov., Compsura gorgoncs, 

 Raehoides occidentalis sp. nov., Thoracocharax maculatus: Family Gymno- 

 tidcB; Hypoponius brevirosiris: Family PceciliidcB; Gambusia episcopi, 

 MolUenisia sphenops, Priapichthys dariensis, Priapichthys tridentiger: 

 Family MugilidcB; Agonostomus monticola: Family CichlidcB; /Equidens 

 coeruleopunctaius , Cichlasoma calobrense, Cichlasoma iuyrense, Geophagus 

 crassilabris: Farmly Gobiidce; Awaoustransandeanus, Dormiiator laiifrons, 

 Hemieleotris lati fasciatus, Eleotris pictus, and Philypnus maculatus. 



The following species of more northern distribution reach their 

 southernmost limit in the Rio Bayano; Piabucina panamensis, Gambusia 

 episcopi, Priapichthys tridentiger, Agonostomus monticola, Joturus 

 pichardi* and Hemieleotris lati fasciatus. The following species 

 are not known north of this river basin; ChcBtostomus fischeri, Ancistrus 

 spinosus sp. nov., Loricaria variegatus,\ Oxyloricaria citurensis, Oxylori- 

 caria panamensis, Cichlasoma calobrense and Cichlasoma tuyrense. 

 Plecostomus plecostomus, although found on both slopes of Panama and 

 northern South America, is not recorded from the Rio Bayano, and was 

 not taken in this river by us, but it doubtless occurs there. According 



*This species was not taken by us, but it is recorded from the Rio Bayano by 

 Jordan & Gilbert under the name Joturus stipes. 



fThis species was not taken here by us but the type is from the Rio Mamoni. 



