Dec. 28, 1916. Fishes of Panama — Meek and Hildebrand. 347 



lateral band wanting. A large black blotch on middle of side, under 

 posterior part of spinous portion of dorsal ; a small black caudal spot at 

 base of upper half of caudal; cheeks, opercle and anterior portion of sides 

 often with small rusty spots. Vertical fins sometimes with small dark 

 spots; ventral and anal fins usually bluish black. 



We have 69 specimens of this species, ranging from 33 to 212 mm. in 

 length. These are from the Rio Bayano and Rio Tuyra basins. 



78. Cichlasotna umbriferum Meek & Hildebrand. 



Cichlasoma umbriferum Meek & Hildebrand, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 



Pub., Zool. Ser., X, 1913, 2>?> (Rio Cupe, Cituro, Panama). 



Head 2.5 to 2.83; depth 2.2 to 2.5; D. XVI or XVH, 11 or 12; A. VI, 

 8 or 9; scales 30 to 32. 



Body moderately elongate; anterior profile nearly straight, and 

 oblique; head rather large; snout tapering, a little shorter than post- 

 orbital part of head, 2.8 to 3.2 in head; eye 3.4 to 4.7; mouth moderate, 

 terminal, slightly oblique; maxillary reaching nearly or quite to vertical 

 from anterior margin of pupil, 2 to 2.25 in head; the lips not notably 

 thickened, the lower one of moderate width, continuous and free at 

 middle; teeth in the jaws pointed, the anterior pair in each jaw somewhat 

 enlarged; gill-membranes connected across isthmus; gill-rakers short, 

 about 9 on lower limb of first arch; scales rather large, ctenoid, 5 or 6 

 rows between lateral line and middle of base of dorsal; lateral line in- 

 terrupted under soft portion of dorsal, reappearing on third row of 

 scales below its original course; origin of dorsal over or slightly in 

 advance of posterior margin of opercle; the spines rather strong, gradu- 

 ated, the last one 2.65 to 3.65 in head; the soft portion with a sheath of 

 scales at base and with small scales on interradial membranes, the rays 

 not much produced, not reaching very far beyond base of caudal ; lower 

 half of caudal fin rather densely scaled, the margin strongly convex; 

 anal fin with 6 strong, graduated spines, the soft portion similar to that 

 of dorsal ; ventral fins inserted slightly behind base of pectorals, a few of 

 the rays somewhat produced and reaching a little past origin of anal; 

 pectoral fins moderate, not reaching tips of ventrals, 1.3 to 1.52 in head. 



Color from light brown to bluish black; sides without cross-bars, 

 except in young up to 50 mm. ; a dark lateral band, extending from eye 

 to upper half of base of caudal, ending in a jet black caudal spot; 

 lower part of sides often with bluish spots, these most evident on light 

 colored specimens. Vertical fins with dark and bluish spots; ventral 

 fins bluish black; pectoral fins plain translucent. 



We have 40 specimens of this species, ranging from 28 to 236 mm. 

 in length. All are from the Rio Tuyra Basin. 



