SEA LILIES, STARFISHES, ETC.—CLARK. 3 
REPORT ON THE SEA-LILIES, STARFISHES, 
BRITTLE-STARS AND SEA-URCHINS. 
I.—INTRODUCTION. 
Tue collections dealt with in this report consist of the 
Echinoderms, excepting the Holothurians or Sea-cucumbers 
(beche-de-mer), or in technical terms the “ Actinogonidiate 
Echinoderms,’ obtained by the Federal Fisheries Investigation 
Ship “ Endeavour ” along the Australian coast south of Lat. 
24°S. at depths of less than three hundred fathoms, during 
the years 1909-1914 inclusive. The Holothurians were by 
mutual agreement sent elsewhere for study. 
The collections were sent to me in five instalments and have 
included altogether one thousand and sixty-one specimens 
representing one hundred and fifteen species, of which thirty- 
nine seem to be new to science and fifteen others are now 
recorded from Australia for the first time. Others, previously 
known from northern Australia are now listed from stations 
south of the tropics, and the extension of ranges in this way 
is oftentimes very great. Up to the present time (1 July, 
1915), the list of Actinogonidiate Echinoderms known from 
Australia was about three hundred and twenty, but owing to 
numerous cases of incorrect identifications and of inaccurate 
_ locality labels, it is impossible to give exact figures. There 
is no doubt, however, that including the large additions made 
by the ‘“ Endeavour,” the known Echinoderm fauna of 
Australia includes more than three hundred and fifty valid 
species, aside from the Holothurians. 
The geographical distribution of these species is very inter- 
esting. At least two hundred are endemic, or at least have not 
yet been reported from elsewhere, while most of the remainder 
are East Indian species, ranging southward along the eastern 
coast of the continent to southern Queensland or even to 
Port Jackson, New South Wales. In his very interesting and 
useful paper on the ‘“‘ Recent Crinoids of Australia,”! Mr. 
Austin H. Clark has recognised the existence of a North 
Australian and a South Australian subregion, Port Jackson on 
the east coast and Shark Bay on the west serving as the 
approximate boundary between the two. Study of the 
Echinoderms as a whole (including the Holothurians), however, 
1. A. H. Clark—Mem. Austr. Mus., iv., 15, 1911. 
