3 
98 ‘‘ ENDEAVOUR” SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. 
Mr. Agassiz’s application of the name bispinosa to this species 
cannot be maintained since de Loriol’s restriction of Lamarck’s 
name to the species Mr. Agassiz called annulifera has several 
months’ priority over Mr. Agassiz’s selection. The latter 
being left thus without a name, Déderlein courteously pro- 
posed to call it agassizii. When at the Australian Museum in 
November, 1913, I was surprised to find that Ramsay’s type 
of Phyllacanthus australis is a fine example of the Sea-urchin 
Mr. Agassiz and I have called Stephanocidaris bispinosa. It 
is not strange that no one has suspected it hitherto, for 
Ramsay gives virtually no description but relies on three 
photographs to make clear the specific characters. The whole 
nomenclatural tangle is now fairly well cleared up, and 
apparently all living students of the recent Echiniare agreed 
as to the proper use of Lamarck’s names for cidarids, even 
though we still disagree as to generic divisions. 
The present series of P. australis ranges from 27 to 73 mm. 
in test-diameter, horizontally (h.d.) ; the specimen with h.d.= 
27 mm., has primary spines 67 mm. long or 2.5 h.d., while in 
the big individual they are only 60-65 mm. long or less than 
h.d. Evidently 65-70 mm. is the full length of the spine for 
this species, and growth ceases when that length is attained, 
though the test may continue to grow indefinitely. The 
primary spines when young are purple and smooth; they 
soon develop sharp teeth along the sides, and with this 
development the spine becomes somewhat flattened ; at least 
the oral side is more or less flattened, the aboral side tending 
to become carinate; the spine is thus almost or quite 
triangular in cross-section, where widest ; as the lateral teeth 
increase in size numerous similar but smaller teeth arise, 
particularly along the aboral side ; with this change in form 
of the spine there goes an equally great change in colour ; the 
teeth are greenish and as they increase in number the spines 
appear to be less and less purple; as the spine matures it 
becomes coated with a loose, colourless or whitish calcareous 
coat which completely masks the remaining purple colour ; 
then Sponges, Bryozoa, Brachiopods, Lamellibranchs, Worm- 
tubes and Barnacles (but particularly Barnacles) proceed to 
encrust the adult spines, making them the habitations of 
small Brittle-stars and Crustaceans. Many of the old, short 
actinal primaries (but not the small ones around the mouth) 
become very flaring at the tip in old individuals ; thus a spine 
3.3 mm. in diameter near the middle may be almost 5mm. 
across the obliquely truncate and almost flat tip. The white 
spots on the collar of the primaries appear as soon as the 
collar is formed ; they are always visible, but the distinctness 
