SEA LILIES, STARFISHES, ETC.—CLARK. 103 
smaller specimens approach G. tubaria and the very young are 
distinguishable only with some difficulty. The differences 
between the preceding species, G. clypeata, and young G. 
geranioides are also very slight, but they seem to be constant ; 
in the Tasmanian specimens of CG. clypeata there are no large 
globiferous pedicellariz, while these are generally very com- 
mon in G. geranioides, and the actinal primaries are more or 
less greenish, which is not the case in G. geranioides. The 
growth changes in G. geranioides, as revealed by the present 
series are very interesting. Young specimens have either 
long, slender and often perfectly smooth primaries (2.e., 
without thorns and prickles) or they are short, moderately 
stout and with a few coarse thorns. As the individual 
matures, the spines become more and more stout and the 
abactinal ones become expanded at the tip; they are rough, 
but not spiny, the coarse thorns which may have been present 
in youth, wearing down more or less markedly. Meanwhile 
the miliary tubercles and spines encroach more and more on 
the median ambulacral area, until the adult ladder-like 
arrangement of transverse ridges is perfected. As a result 
of these changes the mature specimens (30 mm. and over) 
look very unlike the young. Thirty-one specimens. 
Locs.—Oyster Bay, Tasmania, 20-40 fathoms. 
North-east of Cape Pillar, Tasmania, 80 fathoms. 
Seven miles north-east of Cape Pillar, Tasmania, 50-60 
fathoms. 
Near Storm Bay, Tasmania. 
Off Port Davey, Tasmania, 88 fathoms. 
South-west of Rocky Point, Tasmania. 
Near Mainwaring Cove, Tasmania, 50 fathoms. 
Forty miles west of Kingston, South Australia, 30 fathoms. 
Off Cape Marsden, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 17 
fathoms. 
South of St. Francis Island, 35 fathoms. 
GONIOCIDARIS TUBARIA (Lamarck). 
Cidarites tubaria, Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., iii., 1816, 
p. 57. 
Goniocidaris tubaria, Liitken, Vid. Med., 1863 (1864), p. 137. 
This is a very good series of this well-known and character- 
istic species. The eighty-eight specimens range in size 
from 10 to 50mm. (horizontal diameter). The primary 
spines seem to reach their maximum length, 40-50 mm., 
