104 ‘* ENDEAVOUR” SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. 
when the individual is about half grown (test diameter, 
25 mm.), after which they may increase greatly in thick- 
ness, spininess and general bizarre appearance; they may 
decrease in length, probably from attrition, for the largest 
specimen in the present series has no primary 25 mm. 
long. This specimen, by the way, comes from the same 
station (and bears the same registered number), as the 
largest and most typical example of G. geranioides ; in 
colour it is somewhat like the latter, as well as in the 
character of the primary spines, but the test is that of a 
perfectly typical G. geranioides. I confess to being uncertain 
as to the true interrelationships of the Australasian species of 
Goniocidaris. It will be noticed that all the specimens of 
G. clypeata taken by the “‘ Endeavour ” are from southern and 
eastern Tasmania ; those of G. geranioides are from southern 
and western Tasmania and South Australia ; while the range 
of G. tubaria is from northern New South Wales southward 
and westward to western South Australia, barely touching 
Tasmania. The specimen listed from Oyster Bay, Tasmania, 
is, however, a perfectly typical G. tubaria. Unfortunately we 
know very little of G. wmbraculum from New Zealand, and only 
three old, bare tests are available for my study. After ex- 
amination of the evidence I can secure, I am inclined to think 
that we shall ultimately consider G. tubaria and G. geranioides 
as one species (for which the latter name will be used) but 
separate subspecies, while the form here listed as G. clypeata 
will prove to be identical with G. wmbraculum, which will in 
turn be considered a sub-species of G. geranioides. The Aus- 
tralasian forms of Goniocidaris would then list as follows :— 
G. geranioides (Lamarck).—Southern Tasmania and west- 
ward to the Great Australian Bight. 
G. g. tubaria (Lamarck).—Southern coasts of continental 
Australia, from northern New South Wales to central Western 
Australia. 
G. g. umbraculum (Hutton).—EKastern Tasmania and New 
Zealand. I think G. uwmbraculum is undoubtedly distinct 
from the Japanese G. clypeata, but am unable to give any 
satisfactory differences at present. 
Locs.—Eleven miles south-east of Ballina, New South 
Wales, 27-29 fathoms. 
Six miles east of Cape Hawke, New South Wales, 47-50 
fathoms. 
Shoalhaven Bight, New South Wales, 15-45 fathoms. 
Eastern Slope, Bass Strait, 80-200 fathoms. 
Twenty miles east of Babel Island, Bass Strait, 65 fathoms. 
