50 W. BLAXLAND BENHAM. 



2. Introduction. 



In looking over the stock of chimpanzees' brains in the 

 museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, — for which privi- 

 lege I wish to express my thanks to Prof. Stewart, who most 

 kindly gave me every assistance in the matter, — I came across 

 a specimen in the museum stores which bears considerable 

 resemblance to that of " Sally," as well as to that figured by 

 Turner, in that it has lost its occipital operculum, but only on 

 the right side, as it is well developed on the left. This brain 

 belonged to the late Prof. John Marshall, but has not been 

 described by him so far as I have been able to ascertain. It 

 came into the possession of the Royal College of Surgeons 

 in 1891, but I have been unable to trace its origin, I have 

 thought it worth while to give a figure of the right hemisphere 

 here (fig. 20). 



On the supposition that the peculiarities of " Sally's " brain 

 are specific, and characteristic of T. calvus, I wrote to Prof. 

 Herdman, of Liverpool, for I heard that he had purchased one 

 of Garner's chimpanzees which died on its arrival in England ; 

 it was possible that this was T. calvus, and Prof. Herdman 

 most generously acceded to my request to be allowed to 

 examine the brain, and forwarded it to me. I was, however, 

 disappointed, for it does not present characters marking it off 

 for that of ordinary chimpanzees (see fig. 36), and it is as yet 

 uncertain whether the specimen from which it was taken is 

 T. niger, T. calvus, or a third species. In his letter to me 

 Prof, Herdman writes : '' Garner declared that this animal was 

 different from calvus, and also from niger. . . . I saw the 

 dead head (after being skinned), and thought it might be 

 calvus." 



Thus we have no positive evidence to show whether the 

 peculiarities of '^ Sally's " brain are characteristic of the 

 species T, calvus; that they are not due to the age or sex of 

 the animal seems certain from the specimens of Broca and 

 Miiller, and it can scarcely be maintained that they are con- 

 nected with " Sally's " greater intelligence, for both Broca's 



