THE PIGEON STANDARD. 35 
THE ENGLISH CARRIER. 
Head.—Long and narrow, running on as straight a level as 
possible from the base of the wattle to the back of 
the skull, yet displaying the slightest indentation in 
its centre in its longitudinal extension. (1) Leneru 
—From the tip of the beak to the back of the skull, 
22 inches at least. (2) Wipru—From inside fold of 
eye-cere to eye-cere 4 inch—being equal in measure- 
ment at front and back of cere. 
Beak.—Long and stout in both mandibles, shooting straight 
away from their juncture up the gape and propor- 
tionately thick to the very tip, the mandibles closing 
tightly. Color, of a light fleshy hue with dark lon- 
itudinal streaks in blacks and blues, the streaks 
eing light horn color in duns; in whites, of a pale 
fleshy color, devoid of any streaking. Measure- 
ments of face and beak, lf inch in hens and not less 
than 2 inches in cocks, from the pupil of the eye to 
the tip of the beak. 
Wattle.—Rather round than oval in shape, Size, as large 
as possible, even in surface rooring, and proportion- 
ately balanced from side to side; that on the under 
mandible scarcely showing any separation from that 
on the upper one when they are closed; the upper 
section tilted slightly forward from the front of the 
skull, the lower section very gradually bulging away 
from the jaw. The circumference of the wattle 
should be greatest at its centre, from whence it 
should gradually and imperceptibly blend with the 
beak at its inner extremity. The color of a wattle 
should be a powdery white tint. 
Eyes.—Deep red in iris, except whites, which should be 
black or ‘‘bull-eyed.”’ 
Eye-Cere.—Circular and wide, evenly radiating at an equal 
distance from the eye. Fine, well laced, but firm in 
texture, rising slightly above the level of the head 
and quite parallel in structure both at the front and 
back of the skull. The color of a pale, leather-like 
tinge, displaying but little of the powdery tint visi- 
ble on the wattle. The dimensions should be pro- 
portionate to sex and age; in adult cocks, as wide 
and circular as a florin; in adult hens a degree less; 
in young birds not less than a shilling, increasing 
with age. 
