646 
BourceEt Lake, importance of, as a basin of re- 
ception, 495 
BREMONTIER’s system of dune plantations, 
594 
BRETON, Cap, dune vineyards of, 598 
BusBEQuIvs’s letters, value of, 65 
CAMEL, introduction of, into Europe and Ameri- 
ca, 87, 88 ? 
injurious to vegetation in desert, 151 
CaMPINE in Belgium, 607 
CANADA THISTLE, 70 
Canats, effects of, in interchanging organic 
life, 97 
excavations for, 403, note 
and aqueducts, climatic and geographical 
effects of, 446 
of Tuscany, injurious effects of, 447, note 
of the Ganges, 452, note 
marine, 610 
across Isthmus of Darien, 612 
Suez, 78, 612 
across Isthmus of Corinth, 614 
between Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Dead 
Sea, 616 
between North Sea and Baltic, 618 
between North Sea and Zuiderzee, 619 
across Cape Cod, 619 
between Don and Volga, 621 
between Erie and Genesee, 626 
between Lake Michigan and the Illinois, 
626 
CAPE Cop, sand dunes of, 580, ote 
CAPPERCAILZIE, extinction and reintroduction 
of, in Great Britain, 123 
habits of, 123, ote 
CAPRIFICATION, whether useful, 129, ote 
CaRNIOLA, caves of, 490, note 
CasPIAN, natural and artificial changes in, 325, 
note ; 620 
CATANIA, lava streams at, 637 
CAULIFLOWERS, fresh, supplied by Algeria to 
Northern Germany, 65, note 
CELANO Lake, draining of, by Prince Torlonia, 
429 
CHERBOURG, breakwater at, 402 
CrerEats, self-propagating in California, 60, 
note 
CEVENNES, effects of clearing the, 166 
CxHaAmotIs, numbers of killed, 95 
CHESTNUT crop in France and Tuscany, value 
of, 887, note 
Cutan, Val di, character of, 532 
improvements in, 553, 534 
C1cER0, his opinion of merchants, 7, 20t6 
INDEX. 
his opinion of the mechanical arts, 427, 
note 
CrxcHona, introduction of, into India, 60, ote 
improved by cultivation, 60, note 
CLIMATES, ancient, character of, uncertain, 15 
causes producing change in New England, 
21, note 
Coat, early use of, for fuel, 308, note 
increased use of, in Paris, 359, note 
extracted in England, quantity of, 631 
Coast-LINE, change of, from natural causes, 399 
subject to human guidance, 400, 401 
CocHINEAL insect transferred to Spain, 136 
CoMMERCE, discouraged and despised by ancient 
Romans, 7, 65, note ; 614 
modern, objects of, 63 
Como, Lake of, proposed lowering of, 433, note 
effect of lowering on stability of shores and 
percolation, 433, 20te 
percolation of water from, 433 
importance of, as basin of reception, 494 
ConsTANCE, Lake of, diversion of Rhine from, 
625 
CONSTANTINOPLE, water supply of, 349, note ; 
446, n0te 
Copats Lake, draining of, 427 
Cork Tree, yield of, 838, note 
CorPoRATIONS, industrial and financial, corrup- 
tion and demoralizing effects of, 53, note 
Corron-8SEED, value of, 36, 20te 
introduction of, into U. S., 74, note 
Crav, reclamation of, 162, note 
Cypress Tree, its beauty, 342 
' 
DARIEN Isthmus, proposed canal across, 612 
DEAD SEA, projected canal to, 616 
DEER, tame, injurious to trees, 383, note 
number of, in the United States, 91 
Dera, of the Mississippi, 503, note 
of the Ganges, 503, ote 
of the Hoang-ho, 503, note 
DENMARK, peat mosses of, 31, note 
Deposits of rivers, geological importance of, 399 
marine, on coast of Netherlands, 410 
of rivers of Tuscany, 525 
DeEspRT Trees, propagation of, 151 
Arabian, scenery of, 483, note 
DFESPOTISM a cause of physical decay, 5 
DESICCATION, secular, of soil, 20, note 
DixEs, Sea, origin of, 405 
of Netherlands, 407 e¢ seqq. 
construction of, 413 
in Egypt, 455 
of Mississippi, 511 _ 
See Embankments, 
