INDEX. 
INsEcTs and worms, utility of, 134 
useful in fertilization of plants, 125 e¢ seqq. 
influence of, on vegetation, 132-187 
carnivorous, useful to man, 135 
how far injurious to forest trees, 132 
introduction of, 1384-135 
ravages of, 136 
tenacity of life in, 137 et seqq. 
destruction of, by fish, 138 
abundance of, in Northern Europe, 138, note 
destruction of, by birds, 113 
quadrupeds, 140 
confine themselves to dead trees, 140, 381, 
note 
do not multiply in the forest, 343 
INSTINCT, animal, modification of, 39, note 
INSURANCE against fall of rocks, 292, note 
forest fires, 386 
INUNDATIONS, recent measures against, 509 
aggravated by deposits in bed of streams, 
237 
occasioned by thaws, 239 
in France, history of, 243, note 
economical evils of, 244 
action of, on river bed, 261 
in Netherlands, 404 
and torrents, 488 e¢ seqq. 
of 1856 in France, 489 
measures against, in France, 491 
where they originate, 491 
remedies against, 499 
from ice barriers, 500 
of banks of river Po, 509, note 
Rozet’s remedy against, 512 
IRRIGATION, antiquity of, 448 
among Mexicans and Peruvians, 448, note 
its necessity in hot climates, 449 
in Northern Italy, 456, note 
in Turkish Empire, 450 
in India, 452 
in Egypt, 453 
in the United States, 457, note 
in Italy, 458, note 
in Spain, 459, note 
quantity of water used in, 456, 465, note 
difficulties of, 459, note 
effects of, on vegetable crops, 459, note 
climatic effects of, 460 
recovery of water employed in, 465 
effects of, on river supply, 465 
deposit of salt by, 467 
ISLANDS, floating, 419, note 
Iraty. beauty of its winter scenery, 215 
effect of the denudations of its forests, 263, 
note 
649 
extent of irrigation in, 457 
sky of, 464, note 
JOHNSTRUP’S Observation on absorption of 
moisture by earth, 216, note 
JUPITER, satellites of, visible to the naked eye, 
14, note 
JUTLAND, destruction of forests in, 348, 70¢e 
encroachments of the sea on, 583 
KANDER river, artificial course of, 499 
Karst, plantations on, 324, note 
subterranean waters of, 470, note 
KsOKKENMODDINGER, heaps of kitchen refuse, 16 
LAKES, draining of, 417 
natural process of filling up, by aquatic vege- 
tation, 419, note 
lowering of, in ancient and modern times, 
428 et seqq. 
draining of, in Switzerland, 432, note 
effects of, 432, note 
mountain, their disappearance, 433 
their utility, 485 
LAND won from the waters, 398 e¢ seqq. 
LmsTaADIvs, account of Swedish Laplanders, 123, 
note 
Lirg, American, instability of, 396 
balance of animal and vegetable, 145 
LIIMFIJORD, irruption of sea into, 583 et seqq. 
aquatic vegetation of, 584 
original state of, 610 
Lima and Sestajone rivers compared, 288, note 
Lion, an inhabitant of Europe, 92, note 
LIsBoN, earthquake of, 637 
Locusz does not breed in woods. 299 
LOMBARDINI on precipitation, 463, mote 
on Tiber, 474 
on river embankments, 562, note 
on elevation of bed of Po, 507, note 
Guida allo Studio dell’ Idrologia, 510, note 
on inundations, 515, note 
on Val di Chiana, 534 
LomBArpy, climate of, 456 
statistics of irrigation in, 459 
Louts IX. of France, misguided clemency of, 351 
LUMBER trade of Quebec, 3860, note 
the United States, 360, note 
augmented consumption of, 356, note! 
LUNGERN, Lake of, lowering, 433 
MADAGASCAR, gigantic bird of, 123 
MADDER, cultivation of, in France, 19, note - 
