INDEX. 
Saut, waste of, 37, note 
possibility of washing out from land, 436, 
note 
Sanp, chapter on, 545-605 
quartz grains most abundant im, 545 
of desert, generally derived from upheaval 
of sea-bottom, 546 
how formed at present, 546 
generally of ancient formation, 547 
of coast of France and Denmark, 547, note ; 
551, note 
how carried to the sea, 548 
of Sinaitic Peninsula, 548, note 
of Northern Africa, 550 
of Egypt, 552 
drifting, movement of, 553, ote 
polishing action of, 553, note 
storms, exaggerations respecting, 554 
dunes and sand plains, 558 
plains, inland, 603 
of Belgium, 607 
of eastern Europe, 608 . 
SANDAL-WOOD, extirpation of, in Juan Fernan- 
dez, 383, note 
SAND-BANES, structure of, 565 
marine, 565 
SAND-SPRINGS, 605 
SANDSTONE of Arabia Petreea, 546, note 
originating in dunes, 574 
Sap of maple and birch, 184 
Sanos, projected canal of, 615 
SAVAGE TRIBES, arts of, 17 
commerce of, 18 
interfere little with nature, 38, note 
first domesticate wild animals, 38, note 
sympathy of, with animals, 38, note 
SAWMILLS, whether action of their machinery 
more rapid by night, 366, note 
ScHELK, the extirpation of, 93 
SCHLEIDEN, on exhalation of aqueous vapor by 
trees, 188 
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, encroachments of sea on, 
586 
SEA, exclusion of, by dikes in Lincolnshire, 403 
encroachments of, 583 et seqq, 
the Liimfjord, 583 
in Schleswig-Holstein, Hol- 
land, and France, 586 
SeA-cow, Steller’s extirpation of, 105 
SEAL found far from the sea, 99 
voracity of, 106 
SEDIMENT, river, geological importance of, 399, 
note 
SEEDS, transportation of, by birds, 111 
Vitality of, 293-296 , 
653 
SEINE, ancient uniformity of volume of, 236, note 
ordinary and flood discharge of, 236, 20te 
affluents of, 471, note 
supply and discharge of, 472, note 
SERPENTS, multiplication of, in France,126, note 
human lives destroyed by, in India, 126, note 
SHaRk, fishery of, 105, note 
SHELTER afforded by forests, 156-159 
SHIP-BUILDING of the Middle Ages, 321 
SIBERIA, ice ravines in, 174 
SrcmLy, sulphur mines of, 79, note 
olive-oil crop of, 339, note 
SILKWORM, new, introduction into America, 136 
SILPHIUM, extirpation of, 77, note 
Srnal, Mount, rain torrents at, 477, note 
production of sand in peninsula of, 548 
garden of monastery at, 629 
SIEMONI, on action of woods on springs, 225 
SLIDES, mountain, 284-289 
SLIME, river, fertilizing qualities of, 244, note 
SmiTH, Baird, on irrigation, 460, note ; 463, note 
SNAKES destructive to insects, 125 
tenacity of species, 126 
number of, 126, note 
Snow in the woods in winter, 208, 215, 216 
and ice, condensation of moisture by, 210 
crust of, how formed, 210, zote 
thaws the ground beneath it, 210, 231 
plants grow under, 212, note 
temperature of, 212, note 
quantity of, in woods, 213 
and ice, accumulation of, in mountains, 215, 
note 
Som, secular desiccation of, 20, note 
new, favorable to growth, 20, note 
amount of thermoscopic action on various, 
167 
mechanical effect of shaking,in Netherlands, 
415, note 
effect of frost on, in United States, 416, ote 
SoLaR HEAT, utilization of, 46, note 
action of, on stone, 551, note 
SounD, transmissibility of, 160, zote 
Spay, neglect of forest culture in, 306 
SPRINGS, artificial, 482 
SQUIRREL, destructiveness of, in forests, 85, note 
STARLING, habits of, in Piedmont, 125, note 
St. HELENA, flora of, 66 
destruction of its forests, 383, note 
STONE implements, modern use of, 17 
Srork, anecdote of a, 114, note 
geographical range of, 112, note 
SUBTERRANEAN WATERS, their origin, 469 
of the Karst, 470, ote 
of Greece, 470, note 
