INDEX. 
domestic origin of, 59, 60, note 
modification of, 60, note 
improvement of, by cultivation, 59, note 
early garden, sent from Algeria and Naples 
to Northern Europe, 65, note 
transfer cf, 64, note 
foreign, how introduced, 65-67 
power of accommodation, 70-73 
American, grown in Europe, 76 
extirpation of, 76 
indigenous, dying out in America, 79 
VESUVIUS crater, wooded inside, 150 
VrNE, in what countries indigenous, 71, note 
dimensions of, 71, note 
European, introduction of, into America, 71 
injury to, by parasites not economically in- 
jurious to vine-grower, 79, note 
VIPER, multiplication of, in France, 126, note 
VOLCANOES, eruptive matter of, not infertile, 150 
resistance to action of, 637 
VoLeGa, proposed diversion of, 621 
WALCHEREN, formation of the island of, 411 
WALLENSTADT, lake of, diversion of Rhine into, 
624 
WALNUT TREE, oil yielded by, 337, note 
consumption of, for gunstocks, 356, note 
Warb’'s cases for plants, 188 
Wark, instrumentalities of, applied to social and 
civil purposes, 406, note 
WASTE, modern mode of economizing, 35, note 
WATER, chapter on, 398 e¢ segq. 
land won from, 598 
subterranean, 459 e¢ seqq. 
infiltration of, 463, note 
fresh on sea-beaches, 477, note 
not found at great depths in boring, 480, 20¢¢ 
WEATHER, action of man upon, 634 
WEEDS, common to Old and New World, 72 
extirpation of, in China, 78 
Wertts. See Artesian Wells. 
tubular, 476, note 
WHALE, food of, 103 
destruction of, 104 
WHALE-FISHERY, when first practised, 102, note 
American, 103 
WHEAT, its asserted origin, 59 
how introduced into America, 68, note 
WILD ANIMALS, numbers of, 82 
WILD ORGANIC LIFE, superior hardiness of, 73 
WINELER, work on dunes, 546, 2o0¢e 
WoOL.rF, increase of the, 91 
prevalence of, in forests of France, 313, note 
Woops, native American, permanent character 
of, 26 
42 
655 
generally, Chap. III., 148 
general meteorological action of, 152 
electrical influence of, 153 
whether preventive of hail, 153 
chemical influence of, 155 
of Australia and New Zealand, 155, note 
as protection against malaria, 156 
in Southern Hemisphere evergreen, 159, note 
as a shelter of ground to the leeward, 159 
as inorganic matter, influence of, on tem- 
perature, 167-171 
specific temperature of, 172-177 
evaporation from earth of, 181, note 
exhalation of vapor by, 176 
intercepting rain by foliage of, 180 
organic action of, 182 
balance of conflicting influences of, 191 
influence on precipitation, 193-197 
on humidity of soil, 203 
in winter, 208-215 
influence of, on flow of springs, 218 
on inundations and torrents, 231-236 
mechanical resistance of, to flow of water, 
235 
effect of, in disintegration of soil, 241 
influence of, on drainage, 242 
protection against avalanches, 29C 
minor uses of, 292 
utility of, in preserving small plants, 293 
protection against locusts, 299 
summary of influences of, 299 
general consequences of destruction of, 300 
proper proportion of, 302 
in different countries, 304 et segq. 
in Great Britain, 307-312 
in France, 312-318 
in Scotland and Egypt, 311 
Southern France, 313 
legislation on, in France, 816 
in Italy, 318-32 
in Russia, 324 
in American States, 326 
do not furnish food for man, 343 
first removal of, 344 
burning over for agricultural purposes, 345 
principal causes for destruction of, 346 
affected by game laws and French revolu- 
tion, 349-352 
restoration of, 366 
management of, 367 
cultivation of, 871-379 
injured by removal of leaves from ground, 
381 
destructive action of cattle on, 382, note 
fires in, 384-886 
