24 MANUAL OF BOTANY 



1. Flowers glumaceous (that is to say, composed of bracts not 



collected in true whorls, but consisting of imbricated 

 colourless or herbaceous scales). 



2. Flowers petaloid, or furnished with a true calyx or corolla, or 



with both, or absolutely naked ; unisexual (that is, having 

 sexes altogether in different flowers, without half-formed 

 rudiments of the absent sexes being present). 



3. Flowers furnished with a true calyx and corolla ; adherent to 



the ovary ; hermaphrodite. 



4. Flowers furnished with a true calyx and corolla, free from 



the ovary ; hermaphrodite. 



Under the above classes Lindley includes 303 Natural 

 Orders, which are arranged in fifty- six groups subordinate to 

 the sections, sub-classes, and classes, and which are termed 

 Alliances. 



Bentham and Hooker's System. — The essential features 

 of this system for the arrangement of the Phanerogamia, which 

 is adopted in their great work, ' Genera Plantarum,' are as 

 follows : — 



Division I. Phanerogamia. 

 Sub-division 1. Angiospermia. 

 Class 1. Dicotyledones. 

 Sub-Class 1. Polypetal^. 

 Series 1. Thalamiflorae. 



2. Disciflorse. 



3. Calyciflorae. 



Sub-Class 2. Gamopetal^ or Monopetal^. 

 Series 1. Inferee or Epigynae. 



2. Superse. 



3. Dicarpese. 



Sub-Class 3. Monochlamyde^ or Incomplete. 

 Series 1. Curvembryae. 



2. Multiovulatae aquaticae. 



3. Multiovulatae terrestres. 



4. MicrembryaB. 



5. Daphnales. 



6. Achlamydosporeae. 



7. Unisexuales. 



8. Ordines anoixiali. 

 Class 2. Monocotyledones. 



Series 1. Microspermae. 

 2. Epigynse, 



