DICOTYLEDONES— MONOCHLAMYDE^ 245 



— Trees, shrubs, or very rarely herbs, with an acrid very .tough 

 bark. Leaves entire, exstij)ulate. Flowers hermaphrodite 

 or rarely unisexual. Calyx inferior, regular, coloured, tubular, 

 4 — 5-lobed ; cestivation imbricate. Stamens perigynous, twice 

 as many as the divisions of the calyx, or equal in number to them, 

 or fewer, in the two latter cases they are opposite to the lobes of 

 the calyx ; anthers 2-celled, bursting longitudinally. Ovary 

 superior, simple, 1- celled, with a solitarj- suspended ovule. 

 Fruit dry and nutlike, or drupaceous. Seed suspended: albu- 

 men none or but small in quantity ; embryo straight, with a 

 superior radicle. 



Distribution and Numbers. — They are found more or less 

 abundantly in all parts of the world, but especially in Australia 

 and the Cape of Good Hope. Illustrative Genera : — Daphne, 

 Linn. ; Pimelea, BanTis et Sol. There are about 300 species. 



Projjerties and Uses. — The plants of this order are chiefly 

 remarkable for the toughness and acridity of their bark. ,The 

 fruit of Dirca imlustris is narcotic, and that of the plants 

 generally of the order poisonous or suspicious ; but the seeds of 

 Inocarpus edulis are said to resemble Chestnuts in flavour when 

 roasted. Several species oi Daphne, PimeZea, and other genera, 

 are handsome shrubby plants. 



Order 23. iVQUiLARiACE^, the Aquilaria Order.— Char a c- 

 ter. — Trees with entire exstipulate leaves. Calyx tubular or 

 top-shaped, 4 — 5-lobed, imbricate, persistent. Stamens perig}-- 

 nous, 10, 8, or 5, opposite the lobes of the calyx when equal to 

 them in number ; «??i7iers 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Ovary 

 superior, usually 2-celled ; ovules 2, suspended ; or rarely 1-celled 

 with parietal placentation. Fruit generally 2-valved, capsular, 

 sometimes succulent and indehiscent. Seeds usually 2, or rarely 

 1 by abortion ; exalbuminous. This order is sometimes included 

 in ThymelacecE. 



Distribution and Nu7nbers. — Natives exclusively of tropical 

 Asia. Illustrative Genera: — xlquilaria, Lam.; Leucosmia, 

 Benth. There are about 10 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Some species yield a fragrant stimu- 

 lant resin. 



Order 24. Pen^eace.^, the Penaea Order. — Character. — 

 Evergreen shrubs, with opposite, exstipulate, imbricate leaves. 

 Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, bracteate, 4-lobed ; 

 (Estivation valvate or imbricate. Stamens perigynous, 4 or 8, 

 alternate with the divisions of the calyx when equal to them in 

 number. Ovary superior, 4-celled ; style 1 ; stigmas 4, with 



