266 MANUAL OF BOTANY 



Distribution and Numbers. — They are natives of Japan and 

 North America. Illustrative Genera : — Calycanthus, Chimo- 

 nanthus. These are the only 2 genera, which include 4 species. 

 Properties and Uses. — The flowers generally are fragrant and 

 aromatic; and the bark of Calycanthus fIo7'idus, Carolina All- 

 spice, is sometimes used in the United States as a substitute 

 for Cinnamon bark. 



Order 49. Magnoliace^, the Magnolia Order. — Cha- 

 racter, — Trees or shrubs, frequently aromatic. Leaves alter- 

 nate, usually entire ; often with convolute stipules, which enclose 

 the buds and fall off as the latter open. Floivers axillary or 

 terminal, rarely racemose or fascicled ; sometimes unisexual. 

 Sepals andjyetals multiseriate, usually in whorls of 3 ; imbricate, 

 deciduous. Stamens x , arranged spirally, hypogynous, free ; 

 anthers adnate. Carpels ao , or rarely solitary or few, free or 

 rarely coherent ; sometimes multiseriate or spirally arranged 

 in a head or spike. Ovules 2 — oo , anatropous, pendulous, or 

 rarely erect. Fruit capsular, or indehiscent and fleshy, or a 

 samara. Seeds with a fleshy or crustaceous testa ; embryo mi- 

 nute, in a copious oily or fleshy albumen, which is not ruminated. 

 Diagnosis. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, leathery. 

 Stipules usually present, and then large and enveloping the leaf- 

 bud ; deciduous. Sepals and petals with a ternary arrangement 

 of their parts, hypogynous, the former deciduous, the latter with 

 an imbricate aestivation. Carpels distinct or coherent at the 

 base. Albumen homogeneous. 



The order is divided into the following tribes : — 

 Tribe 1. TroclwdeudrecB. — Sej^als and petals 0. Flowers 

 polygamo-di(jecious. Carpels whorled, uniseriate. Stipules 0. 

 Tribe 2. Winterece. — Flowers hermaphrodite or polj'gamous. 



Carpels whorled, uniseriate, or solitary. Stipules 0. 

 Tribe 3. Magnoliece. — Flowers hermaphrodite. Carpels imbri- 

 cate, multiseriate, on an elongated thalamus. Stipules en- 

 closing the leaves. 

 Tribe 4. Schizandrece. — Flowers unisexual. Fruit baccate. 

 Carpels as in Tribe 3. Stipules 0. 



Distribution. — The order includes 9 genera and 70 species; 

 it flourishes in tropical and eastern Asia and in North America ; 

 it is sparingly represented in tropical and extra-tropical South 

 America, and in Australia and New Zealand. No plants of the 

 order occur in Europe or Africa. Magnoliaceae are distinguished 

 from Dilleniaceee by the absence of an aril from the seeds, and 

 from Anonaceae by the non -ruminated albumen. 



