284 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



other 2 petals are posterior, and alternate with the wings and 

 posterior sepal of the calyx, and are often united to the keel ; 

 sometimes there are 5 petals, and then the 2 additional ones 

 are of small size, and alternate with the wings and anterior 

 sepals. Staniens hypogynous, 8 ; usually combined into a tube, 

 unetpial, the tube split on the side next to the posterior 

 sepal ; antliers clavate, innate, usually 1 -celled, rarely 2-celled, 



Fig. 1051. 



Fig. 1053. Fig. 1054. 



Fig. 1056. 



Fig. 1055. 



Fi(f. 1051. A portion of the stem of the common 

 Milkwort (PoUjgala vulgaris), with simple alter- 

 nate exstipulate leaves, and irregular flowers. 



Fig. 1U52. Diagram of the flower of the 



same. s. Sepals, ^j.s, 2^^, PS- Posterior and 

 anterior large petals, pr, pr. Lateral petals. 



f. Stamens, c. Carpels. /%. 1053. GyncEcium 



of the same. ov. Ovary, aiyl. Style, stig. 



Stigma. /''n/.1054. Fruit with one cell opened. 



7>cr. Pericarp, gr. Seed. r. Carunciila. Fig. 



1055. Section of seed. te. Testa, ar. Caruncula. 



«/. Albumen. ji^Z. Embryo. Fig. 1056. Audroe- 



cium of the same, with one-celled anthers 

 dehiscing- at their apex. 



opening by a pore at their apex, or rarely by valves. Ovarij 2—3- 

 celled, one cell being frequently abortive ; ovules solitary or twin, 

 suspended ; stijlc simple, curved, sometimes hooded at the apex ; 

 stigma sinvgle. Fruit varying in its nature and texture, inde- 

 hiscent or opening in a loculicidal manner, occasionally winged. 

 Seeds pendulous, smooth or hairy, with a caruncule next the 

 hilum ; embryo straight or nearly so, in copious fleshy albumen, 

 and with the radicle towards the hilum. 



