366 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



Sub-Class III. — GaMOPETAL.E or COROLLIFLORiE. 



Series 1. — InfercB or EpigyrKE. 



Cohort 1. — Ruhiales. 



Order 163. Caprifoliace^, the Honeysuckle Order. — Cha- 

 racter. — Small trees, shrubs, or rarely 7ier 6s. ie<x?;es opposite, 

 usually exstipulate. Calyx superior, 4 — 5-cleft. Corolla gamo- 

 petalous, 4 — 5-cleft, tubular or rotate, regular or irregular, 

 rarely polj^petalous. Stamens 4 — 5, inserted on the corolla, 

 and alternate with its lobes. Ovary inferior, 1 — 6-celled, often 

 with 1 ovule in one cell, and several in the others, pendulous, or 

 suspended; s^z/Ze filiform or absent; stigmas 1 — 3 or 5. Fruit 

 indehiscent, 1- or more-celled, dry or succulent, and crowned by 



Fig. 1121. 



Fig. 1122. 



Fig. 1123. 



Fiii. 1121. Pistil of the common Elder (Sambucus nigra) surrouuded by a 



siiperior 5-lobed calyx. Fig. 1122. Entire flower of the same. Fig. 



1123. Vertical section of the seed. 



the persistent calyx lobes. Seeds solitary or numerous ; embr'yo 

 small, in fleshy albumen. 



Diagnosis. — Small trees, shrubs, or rarely herbs, with oppo- 

 site usually exstipulate leaves. Calyx superior, 4— 5-cleft, per- 

 sistent. Corolla ganiopetalous, and bearing commonly as many 

 stamens as it has lobes, to which they are alternate ; regular 

 or irregular. Ovary inferior, 1 — 6-celled. Fruit indehiscent. 

 Seeds with fleshy albumen. 



Distrihution and Numbers. —ChieQy natives of the northern 

 parts of Europe, Asia, and America. They are rare in the 

 southern hemisphere. Illustrative Genera : — Lonicera, Linn. ; 

 Viburnum, Linn. ; Sambucus, Linn. There are about 220 

 species. 



Properties and Uses. — The plants of this order have fre- 



