DICOTYLEDONES— COKOLLIFLOE.E 



367 



quently showy flowers, which are also commonly sweet-scented ; 

 hence many are cultivated in our gardens and shrubberies, as 

 Honeysuckles, which are species of Caiirifolium and Lonicera ; 

 Guelder Eoses {Vihiirnuni OiJulus), Laurustinus {Viburnum 

 Tinus), Snowberry {Sym;plioricarinisracemosus), &c. Some are 

 emetic and purgative ; others astringent, sudorific, or diuretic ; 

 and some are acrid. 



Order 164. Kubiace^, the Madder Order. — Character. — 

 Trees, shrnhs, or herbs. Stems rounded or angular. Leaves 

 simple, entire, and either opposite and with interpetiolar stipules, 

 or whorled and exstipulate. {The vieiv is commonly held that 

 the ivhorls of ap])arent leaves are in reality jJartly formed of 

 leaves and ixirtly of stipules, ivhich resemble the true leaves in 



Fig. 1124. 



Fig. 1125. 



Fig. 1126. 



Fig. 1127. 



Fig. 1124. Diagram of the flower of the Madder (Biibia tinctorum). Fig. 



1125. Pistil of the Madder, wita its ovary adherent to the calyx, cal. 



St. Styles and stigmas. Fig. 1126. Pistil of the Goose-grass or Cleavers 



(Galiitm Aparine) adherent to the calyx, h, by its ovary, st. Styles. 



Fig. 1127. Vertical section of the fruit and seeds of the same. a. Albumen. 

 c. Embrjo. pi. Placenta. 



appearance.) Inflorescence cj'inose. Calyx superior, with the 

 limb 4 — 6-toothed or entire, or obsolete. Corolla epigynous, 

 gamopetalous, regular, tubular or rotate, with its lobes corre- 

 sponding in number to the teeth of the calyx when the latter is 

 divided; (estivation valvate. Stamens inserted upon the corolla 

 and equal in number to, and alternate with, its lobes. Ovary 

 inferior, crowned by a disc, usually 2-celled or sometimes more ; 

 style 1 or 2, stigma simple or divided. Fruit inferior, 2-celled 

 or rarel^^ more, dry or succulent, indehiscent or separating into 

 two or more dry cocci. Seeds 1, 2, or more, in each cell ; wdien 

 few they are erect or ascending, or when numerous, then at- 

 tached to axile placentas ; embryo small, in horny albumen 

 {fig. 1127, a). 



Diagnosis. — Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with opposite simple 

 entire leaves, interpetiolar stipules, and rounded stems ; or with 

 whorled exstipulate leave?, and angular stems. Calyx superior. 



