368 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



Corolla regular, epigynous, with its lobes valvate. Stamens 

 equal in number to the teeth of the calyx and segments of the 

 corolla, with the latter of which they are alternate, epipetalous. 

 Ovary inferior, 2- or more-celled, with an epigj^nous disc ; ovules 

 anatropous. Fruit inferior. Seeds 1 or more in each cell, with 

 horny albumen. 



Division of the Order and Illustrative Genera. — This order 

 was separated by Lindley into two orders, the Ciiiclionacece and 

 the Galiacece or Stellatce. The Galiacese of Lindley were more 

 especially distinguished from the Cinchonaceae by their whorled 

 exstipulate leaves and angular stems. The order Rubiacete is 



Fig. 1128. 



Fig. 1129. 



Fig. 1130. 



Fig. 1128. Vertical section of the ovary, &c.. of the Red Valerian ( Centran- 



thus ruber), ca. Calyx, co. Corolla, sty. Style, ov. Ovule. Fig. 1129. 



Fruit of iScabiosa 2)iirj?iirea (Dipsaccce), surmounteil by the pappose calyx. 



Fig. 1130. One of the central florets of the capitiilum of ,^<abiosa 



ivirpitrca, with the ovary, &c.. cut vertically. 



now divided by Hooker and Bentham into three series, each of 

 which is again divided into sub-series and tribes. The Galiace* 

 of Lindley are natives of the northern parts of the northern 

 hemisphere and the mountains of the southern ; while the 

 Cinchonaceae are almost exclusively natives of tropical and 

 warm regions. There are about 3,000 species in the Rubiaceae 

 as defined above. Illustrative Genera : — Galium, Linn. ; 

 Cinchona, Linn. ; Ixora, Linn. 



Properties and Uses. — The properties of the plants of this 

 extensive order are very important. Many possess tonic, febri- 

 fugal, astringent, emetic, or purgative properties ; some are 



