372 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



corresponded to the Natural Order Compositse as above defined), 

 were arranged in five orders, under the names of Folygamia 

 cequalis, P. siijperfina, P. frtistranea, P. necessaria, and P. 

 segregata. Jussieu separated the Compositse into three sub- 

 orders as follows : — 1. Corymbiferi^, the plants of which have 

 either all tubular and perfect fiorets ; or those of the disc tubular 

 and perfect, and those of the ray tubular or ligulate and pistilli- 

 ferous (radiant). 2. Cynaroce^halce, the florets of which are all 

 tubular and perfect ; or those of the disc perfect, and those of 

 the ray neuter. And 3. CicJioracecu, having all the florets ligu- 

 late and perfect. A fourth sub-order was afterwards added. 



Fig. 1135. 



Fig. 1135. Styles and stigmas of composite flowers to illustrate De Candolle's 

 tribes, after He^'land and Lindlcy. 1. Albert inia erythropapjxi ( Vernoniefe). 

 2. Anisocha'ta mikanioides (EupatoriefE). 3. Blumea senecioidcs (Aste- 

 roideiB). 4. Me/uleria bicolor (Senecioidete). 5. Lipochce/a vmhcJlata 

 (Senecioidese). 6. Aplotaxis nepalensis (Cynareae). 7. Leu come ris specfa- 

 bilis (Miitisieee). 8. Leiicerin ten ids ( Nassau vieae). 



called Lahiatiflorce, which includes those plants the florets of 

 which were bilabiate, and which were unknown to Jussieu. The 

 arrangement most frequently adopted at the present day is that 

 of De Candolle ; this was founded on that of Lessing. It is as 

 follows : — 



Sub-order 1. Tubuliflor^. — Florets all tubular and perfect ; 

 or those of the centre {disc) are tubular, and alone perfect, 

 while those of the circumference {ray) are tubular or ligulate, 

 and pistillate or neuter ; juice watery. This sub-order in- 

 cludes the Corymbiferae and Cj^narocephalae of Jussieu. It 

 has been divided into five tribes as follows : — 



