Tertiary.) PALHONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. (Mammalia, 
are distinguished, as far as the teeth are concerned, by the Arctoce- 
phalus haying six molars above and Ofaria five on each side, while 
in Professor Owen’s Catalogue of Bones in the College of Surgeons 
this is reversed, and six upper molars is pointedly referred to as the 
main distinction of Otaria from Arctocephalus with five. Professor 
De Blainyille’s type skull of Otaria leonina (= jubata) is clearly 
figured with six upper molars, although referred to by Gray and 
Gerrard in their catalogue of bones as the only figure of the skull 
of their only certain species of Ofaria. In the Voyage of the 
Erebus and Terror the Arctocephalus lobatus is as clearly figured 
by Gray with only five upper molars. Temminck, in his Fauna of 
Japan, shows that the young of probably the latter species has six 
upper molars, and only five when. old, the hind one disappearing, 
and the socket becoming effaced or filled up by bone with age, in 
some cases only on one side. The skulls of Arctocephalus and 
Platycephalus (=) Otaria figured by F. Cuvier in the Mémoires 
des Muséum (¢. ix.) have each six upper molars; and the great 
backward extension of the palate-bones nearly to the articulation 
of the lower jaw is mainly relied upon for separating the latter 
from Arctocephalus. 
The only remains of this new extinct Eared Seal are the skull 
and lower jaws figured in our plates from the incoherent beds 
alternating with the Pliocene Tertiary limestones of Queenscliff at 
the entrance to Port Phillip Heads, where the large skull and jaw 
were found by Dr. Williams, the Health Officer of that place, who 
presented them to the National Museum collection. He says, in a 
note to me, that ‘it was found 5 feet below the surface in what was 
described as marl and sandstone, overlaid with limestone and sandy 
loam. The men who found the fossil were engaged in excavating 
limestone for road making from a sloping bank forming the boundary 
of Swan Ponds at the nearest point to the sea (the Narrows).” A 
second lower jaw with the same large roots and much smaller 
crowns and cusps to the molars than in the recent 4. lobatus was 
got at Cape Otway by Mr. Wilkinson, the present Director of the 
Geological Survey of New South Wales, when he was connected 
with the Geological Survey of Victoria. Some additional specimens 
from the same place in the collection show the younger unworn 
eo 
