138 MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
flagella; second antenne long, without a seale; the first pair of thoracie legs no longer than the 
four succeeding pairs; the fifth pair of legs as long and well developed as the others; carapace 
ovate, smooth, without transverse impressed lines, with a long, acute rostrum; with lateral spines 
on the anterior half; abdomen rather broad, nearly as much so as the carapace; the telson broad 
and differentiated into two median pieces, the basal piece with broad, rounded membranaceous 
lobes, one on each side, fringed like the two rami of each uropod, with long sete. 
After the foregoing paper was written, and an abstract published in the American Naturalist 
for September, 1885, I sent the specimens to Dr. Kingsley to be drawn, and on their return he 
made the following criticisms, which are here quoted : 
“From the characters shown in the specimens before me, Anthrapalemon apparently has 
nothing to do with the Eryonidw, but belongs rather to the Schizosomi of Stimpson. The thoracic 
structure, antenne, sternum, and telson are all paralleled in that group. The telson is much like 
that of the Porcellain crabs. The absence of the distal pedal joints of the legs renders its family 
uncertain. It may belong to some of those existing in the fauna of to-day. It certainly shows no 
features which would justify the creation of a new family for it.” 
While I should hardly agree with the view that Anthrapaleemon belongs to the Schizosomi, 
since Porcellana is a brachyuran, with a broad, round cephalothorax and small abdomen, 
folded beneath the body, the differentiation of the telson is some what as in Porcellana, —= 
as will be seen by reference to Fig. 7, copied trom Milne Hdwards.* On the other hand, I 
have erred in regarding it as closely allied to the Eryonida, as defined by Zittel in his Wi 
Handbuch der Palaeontologie. Having already drawn attention to the highly differen- | Fre.7.— 
tiated telson of the Galatheidee, | am now much inclined to regard the Anthracaridze Abdomen 
as more nearly related to this group. The resemblance to the Galatheidie is seen in the °! Percel- 
general shape of the body, the proportions of the carapace with its sharp rostrum, and leue 
the proportions of the abdomen with its broad telson and uropoda. The firsf pair of antenne differ, 
however, from those of the Galatheidiw in having two well-developed flagella, and the first pair of 
legs are much smaller, while the fifth pair are larger in proportion; the last pair of uropoda are 
more as in the Glypheide and Astacidi, the outer ramus being divided into a long basal and short 
broad distal segment. 
It seems to us, from what we now know of the characters of Anthrapalieemon, as we have 
worked them out, that it cannot be placed in any known family of Decapoda. We should now be 
inclined to place the Anthracarid:e nearest the Galatheidee, most of which are deep-sea forms. 
It is not improbable that they were the forerunners or ancestors of the Galatheidie.t That the 
family is a synthetic group is shown by the resemblance of its telson to that of Porcellana, a 
3rachyuran. It certainly does not belong among the Palinuridee, nor, on the other hand, among 
the Glypheide. 
In Zittel’s valuable Handbuch der Palwontologie (Bd. 1, 2d Abth., Lief. iv, p. 682), Anthrapa- 
lemon is placed among the Peniwidie, but its characters appear to be such as to forbid such an 
alliance. Paleontology is an inexact science, but the attempt to seek the natural position of 
extinct forms leads us to examine their remains more closely, to make further explorations for 
more perfectly preserved specimens, while the final resuit is to lead us to enlarge our concep- 
tious as to the affinities of existing types of life. It seems to us better to establish new groups for 
Paleozoic forms of uncertain positions than to crowd them into groups of highly specialized 
modern forms. Yet this tendency may be carried too far. Whether we have erred in the present 
instance we leave to the judgment of those who, with a special knowledge of modern Crustacea, 
also possess both critical skill and broad views in dealing with natural groups. 
Nore ON THE PALAOzOIC SHRIMPS (Caridide). 
The form provisionally referred to Anthrapaleemon by Salter (his fig. 5, Quart. Journ. Geol. 
Soe. London, xvii, 1861), occurring in the Carboniferous beds at Lanarkshire, Scotland, which has 
*Crustacés, pl. 22, fig. 7. 
| After writing the foregoing remarks I found I had overlooked Professor Dana’s opinion, expressed on p. 350 of 
his Manual of Geology, 3d edition, where, after referring to the British species of Anthrapalemon, he adds, ‘“ but the 
broad flattened carapax indicates a nearer relation to Aiglea and Galathea than to Paleemon.” 
