10 FISHES FROM BRAZIL 



in front of the first long one, and 21 anal rays with the 2 short anterior 

 ones. The base of the anal slightly exceeds the length of the head. The 

 length of the pectoral is two-thirds that of the head, and it reaches a little 

 past the front of the ventral. There are 37 cross series of scales and 7 

 longitudinal series, counting under the front of the dorsal. 



No color whatever is present in the alcoholic specimen, except a few 

 fine, scattered dark points on the back. 



The type and sole specimen is 4 inches in length, and was collected in 

 the market at Para. 



In the shape of the head and body as well as in various other char- 

 acters this species is very much like Cetengraulis cdentiilns, but there is no 

 trace of membrane connecting the branchiostegal membranes that charac- 

 terizes the genus Cetengraulis. Should future specimens, however, prove it 

 to belong to that genus it may be known from C. edentulus by the much 

 shorter operculum as compared with the long oblique cheek, longer maxil- 

 laries and pectorals, the anal under the middle of the dorsal base, and several 

 other minor differences. C. juruensis differs in the same characters, and 

 in addition is much more slender. 



In the genus to which it is here referred it seems to be closest to 

 Anchovia vaillanti (Steindachner) , but it has twice as many gill-rakers 

 and lacks a lateral stripe. 



21. Anchovia brownii (Gmelin). 



A few specimens seined at Natal from 2^ to 3^ inches in length. 

 It was not taken so commonly as A. januaria or Lycengraulis grossideiis. 



These specimens were compared with some from Jamaica and agree in 

 all respects, but they show some discrepancies with current descriptions. 

 The depth is contained from 5 to 5 5^ times in the length to the caudal 

 base. The eye is contained from 3^ to 4 times in the head; the snout from 

 A%. to 45^ times. The anal rays, counting back from the first long ray, 

 number 18 or 19. The front of the anal is under the posterior fourth of 

 the dorsal base. The front of the dorsal is midway between the base of 

 the caudal and the front of the eye. 



22. Pterengraulis atherinoides (Linnaeus). 



This species is very common in the market at Para, where many speci- 

 mens were secured. In the following notes specimens from 6 to 10 inches 

 in length are considered. 



The head is contained from 4 to 4J^ times in the length to the base 

 of the caudal ; the depth from 3 5^ to 4 times. The eye is much longer than 



