56 FISHES FROM BRAZIL 



color on the belly. Pearly green spots are scattered over the side, but these 

 do not ring the dusky blotches. A black streak runs back from the eye, and 

 a small black spot is present below the eye. The dorsals are very dark green, 

 almost black, with a few inconspicuous greenish pearly spots scattered over 

 them. The caudal and anal are tinged with yellow and bordered with dusky, 

 and the ventrals and pectoral are light dusky brown. 



In the third type of color the ground color on the upper parts is as 

 described for the second specimen, but lighter and growing to white below, 

 while the belly is tinged with wine-color. The shoulder spot is slightly 

 ringed with light green. The usual streak runs back from the eye, and the 

 usual side blotches are present, but there are no pearly spots. The dorsal is 

 black toward the tips of the rays, and a very conspicuous milk-white band 

 with bluish tinges runs near its edge, but leaves a clear-cut black border. 

 The base of the dorsal is yellowish. The anal is dusky yellowish green, and 

 the caudal is similar but blackish at the base and edged with dusky below, 

 while on the upper edge the black bordered white band of the dorsal is con- 

 tinued. The pectoral and ventral are yellowish. 



181. Crenicichla saxatilis (Linnaeus). 



Several specimens were taken in the market at Para, the largest 10 inches 

 in length. Among them are two that differ from the others, but the differ- 

 ence seems to be due to disease or lack of nourishment. The larger one is 

 covered with large, black, irregular blotches different on the different sides 

 of the body. The teeth have disappeared except a few on the sides of the 

 upper jaw, and a spongy, papilose growth of tissue has taken their place. 

 Inside of the mouth are several copopods. The lower jaw projects more 

 than usual and a large symphyseal knob has developed. The body is a little 

 more slender and the eye is a little larger. The other is somewhat smaller 

 and less emaciated. Only one or two black spots are present; the lower jaw 

 is not at all projecting, and the spongy growth has not replaced the teeth 

 to so great an extent. 



The following is the life color. The upper parts are very dark green 

 shading below to drab posteriorly, to wine-red on the posterior part of the 

 belly, and to white on the breast. The side of the head is bright yellow and 

 the ventral part is white. A dark shoulder spot is irregularly ringed with 

 silvery pigment and has silvery spots scattered over it and about it for a 

 short distance. A dark streak runs through the eye to the opercular flap. 

 A dark spot is present at the base of the upper caudal rays. The entire 

 length of the dorsal is black toward the tips of the rays, with a vivid white 



