8o PSYCHE [April 



NOTES ON SOME ALEYRODES FROM MASSACHUSETTS, WITH 

 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 



BY AUSTIN W. MORRILL, B. SC, MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, 



AMHERST, MASS. 



In his Contributions toward a monograph of the American Aleurodidae (U. S. 

 dept. agric. Div. ent. Bull. Tech. ser. 8, 1900), Quaintance reports only one species 

 of the genus Aleyrodes (=Aleurodes of some writers) as occurring in Massachu- 

 setts or even in New England, and this, the greenhouse Aleyrodes {A. vaporariorum)^ 

 is probably not a native species. As a whole the genus appears to be most typical 

 of the warmer climates, a- large proportion of the described North American species 

 being found in Georgia, Florida, California, and Mexico. 



In New England except for the greenhouse (^A. vaporarioriwi) and the straw- 

 berry {A.packardi) Aleyrodes, conditions do not seem favorable for their occurrence 

 in large numbers. It is probable that the difficulty with which most species of 

 Aleyrodes live through severe winters explains their comparative scarcity. In 

 regard to the manner in which Aleyrodes pass the winters, Signoret in his Essai 

 monographique sur les Aleurodes (Ann. soc. ent. France, 1868) says : "A n'importe 

 quel etat on les voit passer I'hiver : k I'etat parfait dans les anfractuosite's des arbres 

 et des terres et meme sous les feuilles ; a I'etat d'oeufs de larves ou de nymphes, 

 sous les feuilles tombees, sous les feuilles de plantes qui les conservent, telles que le 

 fraisier, le chelidoine, I'alaterne et les choux." 



My own observations would indicate that adult Aleyrodes do not hibernate in 

 this climate, although they are certainly able to stand a great amount of cold. The 

 following extract from my notes on the strawberry Aleyrodes illustrates this last 

 statement : " Nov. 11. A heavy frost last night as well as several preceding nights ; 

 adults on strawberry leaves appeared benumbed but became active again soon after 

 being brought into a warm room." 



The eggs of this species {A. packardi) deposited by the adults on the under 

 surface of the leaves in the fall of 1901, began to hatch the following spring as 

 early as March 23. From this time till April 14 many eggs hatched, but apparently 

 all these larvae were killed by the frosts. Of the larvae that hatched later than 

 April 14, few if any succumbed to the cold. The adults began to emerge from the 

 pupa cases about the twentieth of May, previous to which time none were seen 

 although a thorough search was made nearly every day. If the adults hibernated 

 it is almost certain that they would have made their appearance before so late in 

 the season. 



