1^6 PSYCHE [August 



cynipoids producing galls or deformations on various trees and plants. The genera 

 and species are numerous, much more numerous than most people imagine, and 

 undoubtedly many genera and species yet remain unknown to us. The National 

 collection contains many undescribed species. 



The vast majority of the described species belonging to this subfamily produce 

 galls on oak trees, and on the rose and bramble (blackberry and raspberry), but 

 this is due probably to the fact that the galls made on these trees and plants are 

 much more conspicuous, or the trees and plants themselves are more thoroughly 

 studied, than those on other trees and plants, and when the galls on other trees 

 and plants are more extensively collected and studied, we may expect a wonderful 

 increase in our knowledge of the gall-making cynipoids. 



The subfamily Cynipinae is dividable into five minor groups or tribes, which 

 appear to be natural, since the species falling in each tribe confine their attacks to 

 trees and plants of the same order or family, or closely allied orders or families. 

 The species falling in the tribe Cynipini, for example, produce galls only on trees of 

 the order Cupuli ferae, those of the tribe Rhoditini attack the Rosaceaceae, those 

 of the tribe Aulacini 2A.\.'3.ck. the Compositaceae, etc. 



These tribes may be recognized by the use of the following table : — 



Table of Tribes. 



1. Antennae inserted abnormally high up on the face on an imaginary line drawn 

 across from the apex of the eyes ; face with two short, distinct antennal fur- 

 rows ............. 5 



Antennae inserted normally on or near the middle of the face, or far below an 

 imaginary line drawn across from the apex of the eyes ; face without distinct 

 antennal furrows ........... 2 



2. Winged forms ........... 3 



Wingless or subapterous forms. 



These are all dimorphic or agamous forms, represented only in the female sex ; 

 they produced the fully winged sexual form represented by both sexes ( J* 9 ) 

 and are easily recognized by the family characteristics, and produce galls on 

 oak trees, or the Cupuliferae in late fall and winter. The sexual form appears 

 in early spring and summer ..... Tribe I. — Cynipini 



3. Cubitus in front wings wanting or if present originating distinctly below the mid- 

 dle of the basal nervure ; areolet often entirely absent ; abdomen variable. 

 Cubitus in front wings rarely entirely absent and originating at or near the 

 middle of the basal nervure, never much below the middle; areolet usually 

 present and lying directly beneath the origin of the radius ; abdomen in 9 sub- 



