Great Salamanders and their Associates 



fessor Owen. These hollow tree trunks — trees 

 in size, mosses by nature — were the refuge of 

 these animals, and certain abundant species of 

 land-snails are thought to have formed a part 

 at least of their food, for salamanders living in 

 our streams to-day eat quantities of similar 



Two vertebras of an amphibian from the coal-measures of 

 Nova Scotia. Reduced. (After Marsh.) 



little mollusks. It was one of these old am- 

 phibians, represented by two vertebrae found 

 at this same locality, South Joggins, that is said 

 to have turned the attention of Professor Marsh 

 from the study of minerals to that of the ani- 

 mal life of the past, and the first of his many 



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