DR. BEALE, ON THE TISSUES. 11 



the granular cell corresponding to the primordial utricle of 

 the vegetable cell and -with the endoplast of Mr. Huxley 

 remains within unaltered. He thinks that the canaliculi 

 extend through the matrix by resorption. 



Virchow regards bone as consisting of cells and an inter- 

 cellular substance, and he considers the canaliculi to be pro- 

 cesses which grow from the cells. 



In the following MS. note, copied from page 417 of Dr. 

 Chance's translation, he expresses himself very clearly as to 

 the manner in which processes are formed from cells. " The 

 cartilage cells (and the same holds good of the marrow cells) 

 during ossification throw out processes (become jagged) in 

 the same way that connective tissue corpuscles, Avhich are 

 also originally round, do, both physiologically and patholo- 

 gically. These processes, which in the case of the cartilage 

 cells are generally formed after, but in that of the marrow 

 cells frequently before, calcification has taken place, bore 

 their way into the intercellular substance, like the villi of the 

 chorion do into the mucous membrane and into the vessel of the 

 uterus, or like the Pacchionian granulations (glands) of the 

 pia mater of the brain into (and occasionally through) the 

 calvarium. Again, " The cells which thus result from the 

 proliferation of the periosteal corpuscles are converted into 

 bone corpuscles exactly in the way I described Avhen speaking 

 of the marrow. In the neighbourhood of the surface of the 

 bone the intercellular substance grows dense and becomes 

 almost cartilaginous, the cells throw out processes, become 

 stellate, and at last the calcification of the intercellular sub- 

 stance ensues.^' 



There are few points in minute anatomy upon which such 

 different views have been advanced as the one under con- 

 sideration, and observers difter not only in the explanations 

 and opinions they have put forward, but that there are ir- 

 reconcilable differences in their statements of the facts. 



Although many observers have described and somewhat 

 faintly expressed in their drawings the growth of the processes 

 referred to, all agree that they are most difficult to see in 

 healthy groAA-ing bone. Dr. Beale's own observations com- 

 pelled him to oppose the statements generally made with 

 regard to these processes. As far as he had been able to see, 

 neither the cartilage cell, nor the medullary cell, nor the peri- 

 osteal cell, nor indeed any cell in the organism becomes 

 stellate by the '•■ shooting ^out process.^' That cartilage and 

 the other " cells'' may become angular is perfectly true, and 

 that a few little projections may be seen from different parts 



