Fehniavy— M;ircli 1SS9.] 



PSYCHE. 



167 



and P. rapae, and which are arranged 

 at subequidistant intervals in a transverse 

 row on each of the subsegnients of the 

 body ; thev are present in P. oleracca ., 

 but are not nearly so large relati\ely as 

 in P. napi^ except possibly on the stig- 

 matal subsections of the anterior part of 

 the body, and are further inconspicuous 

 in being either concolorous with the 

 body, or white, or only a little infuscated, 

 while in both the other species mentioned 

 they are piceous and most conspicuous ; 

 occasionally, however, when white, they 

 are marked with a fuscous annulus 

 around the base and so are made more 

 conspicuous, but herein they approach 

 the normal type of P. rapae and not of 

 P. napi. 



The chrysalis of /*. oleracea ditiersfrom 

 that oi P. napi of Europe, first, in the fol- 

 lowing structural features : the frontal tub- 

 ercle curves distinctly upward, while that 

 of P. napi is directed straight forward ; 

 the elevation of the suprastigmatal carina 

 to a distinct, spinous, compressed tuber- 

 cle on the sides of the anterior part of 

 the third abdominal segment, is far more 

 marked, and the tubercle itself distinctly 

 flai'es laterally, which that of P. napi 

 cannot be said to do. Second, in color- 

 ational peculiarities : Chrysalids of P. 

 napi are far more heavily marked ; 

 especially the suprastigmatal carina is 

 margined interiorly with large blackish 

 uscous patches forming a more or less 

 interrupted band over the second to the 

 eighth abdominal segments ; the fourth 

 of the tenth segments have a distinct 

 mediodorsal black dash at the anterior 



margin ; and the disk of the wing cases 

 is marked with a double black dash be- 

 sides the black specks ; none of these 

 markings are present in /'. oleracea 

 except the first named, on the second 

 and third segments, and occasionally a 

 fuscous indication posterior to that ; the 

 black specks or dots are found on the 

 wing cases, but the black dashes are 

 wanting. The further dorsal markings 

 of the abdomen of P. napi consist, on 

 most of the segments, of a curving or 

 diverging series of black dots, three on a 

 side next the middle line above, open 

 posteriorly, and an oblique arrangement 

 of two black dots on either side, nearer 

 the suprastigmatal than the mediodorsal 

 carina, the anterior marginal or submar- 

 ginal and the outer, the other anterocen- 

 tral and the inner ; none of these except 

 the submarginal dot of the outer series 

 is found at all in P. oleracea., and then 

 only, as a general rule, on the third to 

 the sixth segments and accompanied on 

 the fifth and sixth by a companion dot, 

 sometimes double, a little wav above the 

 spiracle. 



The male imago of Z*. oleracea differs 

 structurally from that of P. napi in the 

 hook of the upper organ of the abdomin- 

 al appendages, which is shorter and 

 more strongly cui^ved at tip, while the 

 semicorneous expansion of the under 

 edges of the base is not a downward 

 directed, vertical lamina, thickening into 

 a posterior, downward directed thorn, 

 but a short curved hook, opposed to the 

 hook of the upper organ. 



