August — December iSSg.] 



PSrCHE. 



269 



before, except that the yellow granules 

 were very indistinct ; and the obliques 

 next the head could hardly be traced. 



The other obliques were bright pink, 

 edged with deep blue-purple. Caudal 

 horn was green at base, and blue-purple 

 elsewhere, the "blue-purple" being of 

 the exact tint of very ripe inkberries. 

 Horn short in propoition to size of the 

 larvae. 



The spiracles were darU in ovals of 

 white, these ovals being encircled by 

 faint blue-purple lines. They were 

 small, and merged in the pink obliques 



on six segments, but conspicuous on the 

 others. 



2 October. Stopped eating, being 

 then 63 mm. long. 



10 October. Pupated. 



The pupa was 31 mm. long, neither 

 stout nor slender, with a tongue-case 9 

 mm. long, and lying close against the 

 body. Its color was green at first, and 

 showed the dark obliques on the abdom- 

 inal segments, but in two days it be- 

 came bright brown. There was a 

 point on the anal end, but no hook. 



THE MALE ELEMENT THE ORIGINATING FACTOR IN THE 

 DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIES. 



BY JEROME MCNEIM-, MOI.INE, IM. 



Professor W. K. Brooks, in his study 

 of the philosophy of heredity^ has 

 advanced a new theory which offers a 

 reasonable explanation of the means by 

 which ancestral characters may be pre- 

 served in any species and at the same 

 time new variations transmitted to pos- 

 terity. Without attempting to state the 

 theorv in full (this is the more unneces- 

 sary because it is probably known to a 

 large majority of the readers of Psyche) . 

 it will be sufficient for the present pur- 

 pose to say that the author considers 

 that "'the male element is the originat- 



1 The law of heredity, by W. K. Brooks, Associate 

 on biology at Johns Hopkins university. Published by 

 John Murphy and co., Baltimore. 



ing and the female the perpetuating 

 factor in the evolution of species." Mr. 

 Brooks offers no more convincing argu- 

 ments in support of his views than the 

 evidence from sexual characters, and 

 while the illustrations drawn from ento- 

 mology are probably the best that could 

 be selected, it has seemed to the writer 

 that it might not be uninteresting to 

 note the application of the theory to the 

 genera and species of as little known 

 and little studied an order as that of 

 orthoptera. In presenting this evi- 

 dence I shall collocate it with the five 

 propositions formulated by Mr. Brooks. 

 I. "In most animals of separate 

 sexes, the males of allied species differ 



