172 
HISTORICAL PALAZONTOLOGY. 
associated with the limestones throughout the Lower Carbon- 
iferous series. 
Fig. 114.—Transparent slice of Carbon- 
iferous Limestone, from Spergen Hill, In- 
diana, U.S., showing numerous shells of 
One of the most interesting of the British Car- 
boniferous forms is the Sac- 
cammina of Mr Henry Brady, 
which is sometimes present in 
considerable numbers in the 
limestones of Northumberland, 
Cumberland, and the west 
of Scotland, and which is con- 
spicuous for the comparatively 
large size of its spheroidal or 
pear-shaped shell (reaching 
from an eighth to a fifth of an 
inch in size). More widely dis- 
tributed are the generally spin- 
dle-shaped shells of Fusulina 
(fig. 115), which occur in vast 
numbers in the Carboniferous 
Endothyra (Rotalia), Baileyi slightly en- 
larged. (Original.) Limestone of Russia, Arme- 
nia, the Southern Alps, and 
Spain, similar forms occurring in equal profusion in the higher 
limestones which are found in the Coal-measures of the United 
States, in Ohio, Illinois, 
Indiana, Missouri, &c. Mr 
Henry Brady, lastly, has 
shown that we have in the 
Nummulina pristina of the 
Carboniferous Limestone of 
Namur a genuine LVwmmu- 
lite, precursor of the great and important family of the Tertiary 
Nummulites. 
The sub-kingdom of the Cae/enterates, so far as certainly 
known, is represented only by Corals ;* but the remains of 
these are so abundant in many of the limestones of the Car- 
boniferous formation as to constitute a feature little or not at 
all less conspicuous than that afforded by the Crinoids. As is 
the case in the preceding period, the Corals belong, almost 
exclusively, to the groups of the Augosa and Tabulata; and 
there is a general and striking resemblance and relationship 
between the coral-fauna of the Devonian as a whole, and that 
Fig. 115.—fusulina cylindrica, Carbon- 
iferous Limestone, Russia. 
ria, singular fossil has been described by Professor Martin Duncan and 
Mr Jenkins from the Carboniferous rocks under the name of Pad/gocoryne, 
and has been referred to the Hydroid Zoophytes (Corynida). Doubt, 
however, has been thrown by other observers on the correctness of this 
reference, 
