174 HISTORICAL PALAONTOLOGY. 
from the fact that almost all the varied types of which it is 
composed disappeared utterly before the close of the Carbon- 
Fig. 116.—Corals of the Carboniferous Limestone. a. Cyathophyllum paracida, show- 
ing young corallites budded forth from the disc of the old one; a’, One of the corallites 
of the same, seen in cross-section; 4, Fragment of a mass of Lithostrotion irregulare ; 
é', One of the corallites of the same, divided transversely ; c, Portion of the simple cylin- 
drical coral of Amplexus coralloides; c’, Transverse section of the same species; d, 
Zaphrentis vermicularis, showing the depression or “ fossula” on one side of the cup; 
e, Fragment of a mass of Syringopora ramulosa; f, Fragment of Chetetes tumidus; 7’, 
Portion of the surface of the same, enlarged? From the Carboniferous Limestone of 
Britain and Belgium. (After Thomson, De Koninck, Milne-Edwards and Haime, and 
the Author.) 
iferous period. In the first marine sediments of a calcareous 
nature which succeeded to the Coal-measures (the magnesian 
limestones of the Permian), the great group of the Rugose 
corals, which flourished so largely throughout the Silurian, De- 
vonian, and Carboniferous periods, is found to have all but 
