192 HISTORICAL PALZZONTOLOGY. 
(17) ‘Monograph of the Carboniferous Foraminifera of Britain’ (Palzon- 
tographical Society). H. B. Brady. 
(18) ‘*On the Carboniferous Fossils of the West of Scotland”—‘ Trans. 
Geol. Soc.,’ of Glasgow, vol. iii, Supplement. Young and 
Armstrong. 
(19) ‘Poissons Fossiles.” Agassiz. 
(20) ‘f Report on the Labyrinthodonts of the Coal-measures ”’ —‘ British 
Association Report,’ 1873. L. C. Miall. 
(21) ‘Introduction to the Study of Palzontological Botany.’ John 
Hutton Balfour. 
(22) ‘ Traité de Paléontologie Végétale.? Schimper. 
(23) ‘ Fossil Flora.’ Lindley and Hutton. 
(24) ‘ Histoire des Végétaux Fossiles.’ Brongniart. 
(25) ‘On Calamites and Calamodendron’ (Monographs of the Palzonto- 
graphical Society). Binney. 
(26) ‘On the Structure of Fossil Plants found in the Carboniferous 
Strata’ (Palzontographical Society). Binney. 
Also numerous memoirs by Huxley, Davidson, Martin Duncan, Profes- 
sor Young, John Young, R. Etheridge, jun., Baily, Carruthers, Dawson, 
Binney, Williamson, Hooker, Jukes, Geikie, Rupert Jones, Salter, and 
many other British and foreign observers. 
CHAPTER XV. 
THE PERMIAN PERIOD, 
The Permian formation closes the long series of the Palzo- 
zoic deposits, and may in some respects be considered as a 
kind of appendix to the Carboniferous system, to which it can- 
not be compared in importance, either as regards the actual 
bulk of its sediments or the interest and variety of its life- 
record. Consisting, as it does, largely of red rocks—sand- 
stones and marls—for the most part singularly destitute of 
organic remains, the Permian rocks have been regarded as a 
lacustrine or fluviatile deposit; but the presence of well-devel- 
oped limestones with indubitable marine remains entirely 
negatives this view. It is, however, not improbable that we 
are presented in the Permian formation, as known to us at 
present, with a series of sediments laid down in inland seas of 
great extent, due to the subsidence over large areas of the 
vast land-surfaces of the Coal-measures. This view, at any 
rate, would explain some of the more puzzling physical char- 
acters of the formation, and would not be definitely negatived 
by any of its fossils. 
A large portion of the Permian series, as already remarked, 
consists of sandstones and marls, deeply reddened by peroxide 
