330 HISTORICAL PALAOONTOLOGY. 
a length of nine feet, and which have the simple curvature of 
the tusks of the existing Elephants. Amongst the Pliocene 
Elephants the two most important are the Zvephas meridionalts 
and the Lvephas antiquus. Of these, the Lvlephas meridionalis 
(fig. 251) is found abundantly in the Pliocene deposits of 
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Fig. 251.—Molar tooth of Elephas meridionalis, one-third of the natural size. 
Pliocene and Post-Pliocene. 
Southern Europe and England, and also survived into the 
earlier portion of the Post-Pliocene period. Its molar teeth 
are of the type of those of the existing African Elephant, the 
spaces enclosed by the transverse enamel-plates being more 
or less lozenge-shaped, whilst the curvature of the tusks is 
simple. The £iephas antiguus (fig. 252) is very generally 
Fig. 252.—Molar tooth of Elephas antiguus, one-third of the natural size. 
Pliocene and Post-Pliocene. 
associated with the preceding, and it survived to an even 
later stage of the Post-Pliocene period. ‘The molar teeth are 
of the type of the existing Indian Elephant, with compara- 
tively thin enamel-ridges, placed closer together than in the 
African type ; whilst the tusks were nearly straight. 
Amongst the Pliocene Carnivores, we meet with true Bears 
(Ursus Arvernensis), Hyzenas (such as Hyena Hipparionum), 
and genuine Lions (such as the Fels angustus of North 
America); but the most remarkable of the beasts of prey of 
