344 HISTORICAL PALEONTOLOGY. 
bronze implements, and the bones of animals now living in 
Britain. ‘This, therefore, is a recent deposit. 
(c) A layer of stalagmite, from sixteen to twenty inches 
thick, but sometimes as much as five feet, containing the bones 
of Man, together with those of extinct Post-Pllocene Mammals. 
(7) A bed of red cave-earth, sometimes four feet in thick- 
ness, with numerous bones of extinct Mammals (Mammoth, 
Cave-bear, &c.), together with human implements of flint and 
horn. 
(ec) A second bed of stalagmite, in places twelve feet in 
thickness, with bones of the Cave-bear. 
(f) A red-loam and cave-breccia, with remains of the Cave- 
bear and human implements. 
The most important Mammals which are found in cave- 
deposits in Europe generally, are the Cave-bear, the Cave-lion, 
the Cave-hyzena, the Reindeer, the Musk-ox, the Glutton, and 
the Lemming—of which the first three are probably identical 
with existing forms, and the remainder are certainly so—to- 
gether with the Mammoth and the Woolly Rhinoceros, which 
are undoubtedly extinct. Along with these are found the 
implements, and in some cases the bones, of Man himself, in 
such a manner as to render it absolutely certain that an early 
race of men was truly contemporaneous in Western Europe 
with the animals above mentioned. 
IV. UNCLASSIFIED Post-PLIOCENE DeEposits.—Apart from 
any of the afore-mentioned deposits, there occur other accumu- 
lations—sometimes superficial, sometimes in caves—which are 
found in regions where a “ Glacial period” has not been fully 
demonstrated, or where such did not take place; and which, 
therefore, are not amenable to the above classification. The 
most important of these are known to occur in South America 
and Australia; and though their numerous extinct Mammalia 
place their reference to the Post-Pliocene period beyond 
doubt, their relations to the glacial period and its deposits in 
the northern hemisphere have not been precisely determined. 
CHAPTER “xeon 
THE POST-PLIOCENE PERIOD—Continued. 
As regards the /fe of the Post-Pliocene period, we have, in 
the first place, to notice the effect produced throughout the 
