FAUNA OF THE POST-PLIOCENE. 353 
exhibiting special patterns of sculpturing in each species. The 
tail was also defended by a similar armour, and the vertebrz 
were mostly fused together so as to form a cylindrical bony 
rod. In addition to the above-mentioned forms, a number 
of other Edentate animals have been discovered by the re- 
searches of M. Lund in the Post-Pliocene deposits of the 
Brazilian bone-caves. Amongst these are true Ant-eaters, 
Armadillos, and Sloths, many of them of gigantic size, and all 
specifically or generically distinct from existing forms. 
Passing over the aquatic orders of the Szrenzans and Ce- 
taceans, we come next to the great group of the Hoofed Quad- 
rupeds, the remains of which are very abundant in Post- 
Pliocene deposits both in Europe and North America. 
Amongst the Odd-toed Ungulates the most important are 
the Rhinoceroses, of which three species are known to have 
existed in Europe during the Post-Pliocene period. Two 
of these are the well-known Pliocene forms, the AR/Aznoceros 
Etruscus and the R. megarhinus, still surviving in diminished 
numbers; but the most famous is the RAznoceros tichorhinus 
(fig. 263), or so-called ‘‘ Woolly Rhinoceros.” This species 
Fig. 263.—Skull of the Tichorhine Rhinoceros, the horns being wanting. One-tenth 
of the natural size. Post-Pliocene deposits of Europe and Asia. 
is known not only by innumerable bones, but also by a car- 
cass, at the time of its discovery complete, which was found 
embedded in the frozen soil of Siberia towards the close of 
last century, and which was partly saved from destruction by 
_ the exertions of the naturalist Pallas. From this, we know 
that the Tichorhine Rhinoceros, like its associate the Mam- 
moth, was provided with a ccating of hair, and therefore was 
enabled to endure a more severe climate than any existing 
Zz 
