354 HISTORICAL PALEONTOLOGY. 
species. The skin was not thrown into the folds which char- 
acterise most of the existing forms; and the technical name 
of the species refers to the fact that the nostrils were com- 
pletely separated by a bony partition. The head carried two 
horns, placed one behind the other, the front one being un- 
usually large. As regards its geographical range, the Woolly 
Rhinoceros is found in Europe in vast numbers north of the 
Alps and Pyrenees, and it also abounded in Siberia; so that 
it would appear to be a distinctly northern férm, and to have 
been adapted for a temperate climate. It is not known to 
occur in Pliocene deposits, but it makes its first appearance 
in the Pre-Glacial deposits, surviving the Glacial period, and 
being found in abundance in Post-Glacial accumulations. It 
was undoubtedly a contemporary of the earlier races of men 
in Western Europe ; and it may perhaps be regarded as being 
the actual substantial kernel of some of the “ Dragons” of 
fable. 
The only other Odd-toed Ungulate which needs notice is 
the so-called Lguus fosstlis of the Post-Phocene of Europe. 
This made its appearance before the Glacial period, and ap- 
pears to be in reality identical with the existing Horse (Zguus 
caballus). ‘True Horses also occur in the Post-Pliocene of 
North America; but, from some cause or another, they must 
have been exterminated before historic times. 
Amongst the Even-toed Ungulates, the great A77ppopotamus 
major of the Pliocene still continued to exist in Post-Pliocene 
times in Western Europe; and the existing Wild Boar (Sus 
scrofa), the parent of our domestic breeds of Pigs, appeared 
for the first time. The Old World possessed extinct repre- 
sentatives of its existing Camels, and lost types of the living 
Llamas inhabited South America. Amongst the Deer, the 
Post- Pliocene accumulations have yielded the remains of 
various living species, such as the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), 
the Reindeer (Cervus tarandus), the Moose or Elk (A/lces 
malchis), and the Roebuck (Cervus capreolus), together with 
a number of extinct forms. Among the latter, the great 
“Trish Elk” (Cervus megaceros) is justly celebrated both for 
its size and for the number and excellent preservation of its 
discovered remains. ‘This extinct species (fig. 264) has been 
found principally in peat-mosses and Post-Plocene lake- 
deposits, and is remarkable for the enormous size of the 
spreading antlers, which are widened out towards their ex- 
tremities, and attain an expanse of over ten feet from tip to 
tip. It is not a genuine Elk, but is intermediate between 
the Reindeer and the Fallow-deer. Among the existing Deer 
