360 HISTORICAL PALAZONTOLOGY. 
celebrated Cave-bear (Ursus speleus, fig. 268), which is now 
extinct. The Cave-bear exceeded in its dimensions the largest 
Fig. 268.—Skull of Ursus sfeleus. Post-Pliocene, Europe. One-sixth 
of the natural size. 
of modern Bears; and its remains, as its name implies, have 
been found mainly in cavern-deposits. Enormous numbers of 
this large and ferocious species must have lived in Europe in 
Post-Glacial times; and that they survived into the human 
period, is clearly shown by the common association of their 
bones with the implements of man. ‘They are occasionally 
accompanied by the remains of a Glutton (the Guo speleus), 
which does not appear to be really separable from the existing 
Wolverine or Glutton of northern regions (the Gzlo luscus). 
In addition, we meet with the bones of the Wolf, Fox, Weasel, 
Otter Badger, Wild Cat, Panther, Hyzena, and Lion, &c., 
together with the extinct JZachairodus or ‘‘ Sabre - toothed 
Tiger.” The only two of these that deserve further mention 
are the Hyzna and the Lion. The Cave-hyzena (Hyena 
spelea, fig. 269) is regarded by high authorities as nothing 
more than a variety of the living Spotted Hyzna ( crocuta) 
of South Africa. This well-known species inhabited Britain 
and a considerable portion of Europe during a large part of 
the Post-Pliocene period ; and its remains often occur in great . 
abundance. Indeed, some caves, such as the Kirkdale Cavern 
in Yorkshire, were dens inhabited during long periods by these 
animals, and thus contain the remains of numerous individuals 
and of successive generations of Hyzenas, together with in- 
numerable gnawed and bitten bones of their prey. ‘That the 
Cave-hyzena was a contemporary with Man in Western Europe 
during Post-Glacial times is shown beyond a doubt by the 
common association of its bones with human implements. 
