FAUNA OF THE POST-PLIOCENE. 301 
Lastly, the so-called Cave-lion (é/is spelea), long supposed 
to be a distinct species, has been shown to be nothing more 
Fig. 269.—Skull of Hyena sfelea, one-fourth of the natural size, 
Post-Pliocene, Europe. 
than a large variety of the existing Lion (Fes /o). This 
animal inhabited Britain and Western Europe in times pos- 
terior to the Glacial period, and was a contemporary of the 
Cave-hyzena, Cave-bear, Woolly Rhinoceros, and Mammoth. 
The Cave-lion also unquestionably survived into the earlier 
portion of the human period in Europe. 
The Post-Pliocene deposits of Europe have further yielded 
the remains of numerous Aodents—such as the Beaver, the 
Northern Lemming, Marmots, Mice, Voles, Rabbits, &c.—to- 
gether with the gigantic extinct Beaver known as the Zvogon- 
therium Cuviert (fig. 270). The great Castoroides Ohtoensis of 
the Post-Pliocene of North 
America is also a great ex- 
tinct Beaver, which reached 
a length of about five feet. 
Lastly, the Brazilian bone- 
caves have yielded the re- 
mains of numerous Rodents 
of types now characteristic 
of South America, such as 
Guinea-pigs, Capybaras, tree. (08 775. founth ofthe naturalsizes Post 
inhabiting Porcupines, and Pliocene, Britain. 
Coypus. 
The deposits just alluded to have further yielded the 
remains of various Monkeys, such as Howling Monkeys, 
Squirrel Monkeys, and Marmosets, all of which belong to the 
eroup of Quadrumana which is now exclusively confined to 
