390 GLOSSARY. 
PALZONTOLOGY (Gr. palaios, ancient ; and logos, discourse). The science of 
fossil remains or of extinct organised beings. 
PALZOPHIS (Gr. palaios, ancient ; ophis, serpent). An extinct genus of 
Snakes. 
PALZOSAURUS (Gr. palaios, ancient; saura, lizard). A genus of Thecodont 
Reptiles. 
ee eee (Gr. palaios, ancient; ther, beast). A group of Tertiary 
Ungulates. 
PaL#£ozolc (Gr. palaios, ancient ; and Zoe, life). Applied to the oldest of the 
great geological epochs. 
PARADOXIDES (Lat. paradoxus, marvellous). A genus of Trilobites. 
PaTAGiuM (Lat. the border of a dress). Applied to the expansion of the in- 
tegument by which Bats, Flying Squirrels, and other animals support them- 
selves in the air. 
PECOPTERIS (Gr. peko, I comb; pteris,afern). An extinct genus of Ferns. 
PrecTEN (Lat. a comb). The genus of Bivalve Molluscs comprising the 
Scallops. 
PECTORAL (Lat. pectus, chest). Connected with, or placed upon, the chest. 
PENTACRINUS (Gr. penta, five; krinon, lily), A genus of Crinoids in which 
the column is five-sided. 
PENTAMERUS (Gr. penta, five; meros, part). An extinct genus of Brachiopods. 
PENTREMITES (Gr. penta, five; trema, aperture). A genus of Blastoidea, so 
named in allusion to the apertures at the summit of the calyx. 
PERENNIBRANCHIATA (Lat. perennis, perpetual ; Gr. bragchia, gill). Applied 
to those Amphibia in which the gills are permanently retained throughout 
life. 
PERISSODACTYLA (Gr. perissos, uneven; daktulos, finger). Applied to those 
Hoofed Quadrupeds (Ungulata) in which the feet have an uneven number of 
toes. 
PETALOID. Shaped like the petal of a flower. 
PHacopes (Gr. phaké, a lentil; ops, the eye). A genus of Trilobites. 
PHALANGES (Gr. phalanz, arow). The small bones composing the digits of 
the higher Vertebrata. Normally each digit has three phalanges. 
PHANEROGAMS (Gr. phaneros, visible ; gamos, marriage). Plants which have 
the organs of reproduction conspicuous, and which bear true flowers. 
PHARYNGOBRANCHIL (Gr. pharugz, pharynx; bragchia, gill). The order of 
Fishes comprising only the Lancelet. 
PHASCOLOTHERIUM (Gr. phaskolos, a pouch; thérion, a beast). A genus of 
Oolitic Mammals. 
PHRAGMACONE (Gr. phragma, a partition ; and konos, a cone). The chambered 
portion of the internal shell of a Belemnite. 
PHYLLOPODA (Gr. phullon, leaf; and pous, foot). An order of Crustacea. 
PINNATE (Lat. pinna, a feather). Feather-shaped; or possessing lateral pro- 
cesses. 
PINNIGRADA (Lat. pinna, a feather ; gradior, | walk). The group of Carniv- 
ora, comprising the Seals and Walruses, adapted for an aquatic life. Often 
called Pinnipedia. 
PINNUL& (Lat. dim. of pinna). The lateral processes of the arms of Crinoids. 
PIscEs (Lat. piscis, a fish’. The class of Vertebrates comprising the Fishes. 
PiacorD (Gr. plax, a plate; eidos, form). Applied to the irregular bony 
plates, grains, or spines which are found in the skin of various fishes 
(Elasmobranchii). 
PLAGIOSTOMI (Gr. plagios, transverse ; stoma, mouth). The Sharks and Rays, 
mm which the mouth is transverse, and is placed on the under surface of the 
head. 
PLATYCERAS (Gr. platus, broad; keras, horn). A genus of Univalve Molluses. 
PLATYCRINUS (Gr. platus, broad; krinon, lily). A genus of Crinoidea. 
PLATYRHINA (Gr. platus, broad ; rhines, nostrils). A group of the Quadrumand. 
PLATysomus (Gr. platus, wide ; soma, body). A genus of .Ganoid Fishes. 
PLEISTOCENE (Gr. pleistos, most; kainos, new). Often used as synonymous 
with ‘ Post-Pliocene.” 
