INDEX — GLOSSARY 



415 



Blastoids, 157-159; calyx, etc., see 

 Pentremites ; geologic range of, 409. 



Blastopore, 10 1 ; of Hydrozoa, iii. 



Blastula, in brachiopods, 186; in corals, 

 125; in crustaceans, 283; in hy- 

 drozoons, iii; in pelecypods, 216; 

 in sponges, 10 1. 



Blattoidea, 318. 



Blenny, 339. 



Blind crayfish, 275. 



Blind trilobites, 291. 



Blood, of crustaceans, 281 ; of gastro- 

 pods, 242 ; of vertebrates, 332, Z2,i- 



Blood circulation, see under the separate 

 classes. 



Blood sinuses, 281. 



Blue crab, 307. 



Blue-green algce, 33. 



Bone, composition of, 324; compared 

 to slag, 10 ; formation of, i ; phos- 

 phoric acid in, 26. 



Bony fishes, 344-348. 



Bony plates, of Stegosaiirus, 362. 



Book-gills, 309; evolution of, 310. 



Book lice, 318. 



Book-lungs, 309; evolution of, 310. 



Bos, 398. 



Brachia, 182, 182, 184, 192, IQ3. 



Brachial valve, 182, 182, 188; dis- 

 tinguished from pedicle valve, 189; 

 secretion of, 189. 



Brachidium (plu. brachidia), 181, 182, 

 184, 204. 



Brachiopoda, 181-204; fossils of, etc., 

 see brachiopods. 



Brachiopods, 181-204; classification of, 

 192; composition of shell of, 25, 26, 

 187, 193; development of, 186; 

 distribution of, in space, 190; food 

 of, etc., see Terebratulina ; fossils of, 

 192-204; geologic range of, 192, 409; 

 habitat of, 191 ; living, 191 ; long- 

 lived, 192; movement of, IQ3; per- 

 sistence in time, 192 ; retrogression in, 

 190; short-lived, 192; size of, 191; 

 survey of, 187-192; use of, in ancient 

 geography, 191 ; young stages in 

 growth of, 197. 



Brachiopod shells, composition of, 187, 

 193 ; distinguished from pelecypod 

 shells, 190 ; fungi in, 40. 



Brady podidae, 382. 



Brain, function of, in preservation of 

 species, 374, 37s ; of alligator, 372 ; 

 of Annulata, 145 ; of Brontotherium, 

 37 S ; of cat, 330, 333 ; of Chordata, 

 321; of crustaceans, 282, 270; of 

 Equus, 375; of horse, 375; of Ich- 

 thyornis, 372 ; increase in size of 

 during the Tertiary, 37^ ; of lobster, 

 279 ; of mammals, 330, 333 ; of tern, 

 372 ; of Uintatherium, 37 j; ; of ungu- 

 lates, comparison, 373. 



Brain-coral, 130. 



Braintree slates, fossils from, 295; 

 geologic age of, 295. 



Branchiae, 274. 



Branchial, pertaining to the branchiae, 

 or gills. 



Branchial chamber, in pelecypods, 210. 



Branchial clefts, gill-slits, 321. 



Branchial siphon, incurrent siphon. 



Branchiata, 274. 



Branchionus, 141. 



Branchiosaurus, 352. 



Branchipus, 285, 303. 



Breast bone, see sternum. 



Bridger formation, fossils from, 379, 380 ', 

 geologic age of, 379, 380. 



Brine shrimp, 285. 



Brittle stars, 165. 



Brontosaurus, 360, 361 ; B. excelsus, 361 ; 

 food supply of, 361. 



Brontotherium gigas, 391 : B. ingens, 375 ; 

 skull and brain of, 373 ; herd of, 

 391- 



Brooksella alternata, 122. 



Bryophyta, 44, 45 ; see bryophytes. 



Bryophytes, 42, 43, 44, 45 ; classifica- 

 tion of, 44 ; geologic range of, 408. 



Bryozoa, classification of, 177 ; digestion, 

 etc., see Bugula; fossil, 177-180; 

 geologic range of, 177, 409 ; survey of, 

 176. 



Buccal cavity of Busycon, 236. 



Budding, in ascidians, 322 ; in Chordata, 

 1 322; in corals, 127; in hydrozoons, 



no; in sponges, 96. 

 ' Bugs, 320. 



! Bugula avicularia, 173-176, 174; B. 



turrita, 173; chitin in, 174; digestive 



system of, 174; embryo of, 176; 



I excretion of waste of, 175; introvert 



1 of, 174, 174; lophophore of, 175, 174; 



