INDEX — GLOSSARY 



425 



357; food of squids, 270; geologic 



range of, 339, 40Q ; gi^s of, 339; 



organs of locomotion of, 339 ; ribs in, 



326; tail fin of, 340 ; trails of fins of, 



16. 

 Fission-plants, 33. 

 Fissipedia, 381 ; evolution in, 381 ; 



geologic range of, 381. 

 Fissurella, 244, 245-246. 

 Fissuridea alticosta, 24s. 

 Fixed cheeks of trilobites, 286, 287, 291, 



2q6. 

 Flagella, 94; in Mastigophora, 94; 



in Protozoa, 94; in sponges, 100. 

 Flagellate canals, qq, 100. 

 Flat-worms, 140 ; compared to Peripa- 



tus, 308; fossils of, 140. 

 Fleas, 319; water, 304. 

 Flesh, the muscles of a vertebrate 



body. 

 Flies, as disease carriers, 376; dragon, 



317; house, etc., 317, 319; lacewing, 



319- 

 Flint, 98. 

 Flood plain, of Bridger formation, 6; 



of Ganges and Indus rivers, 5 ; of 



Mauch Chunk shales, 5, 6; of 



Wasatch formation, 6. 

 Florissant, 4 ; preservation of insects 



at, 4. 

 Florissant formation, 4, 6 ; fossils from, 



319; geologic age of, 319- 

 Flower, 56; buds, fossil, 61, 63, 64, 



65. 

 Flowering plants, 75-82 ; see also 



angiosperms. 

 Flowers, 56 ; fossil, 76 ; most primitive 



fossil, 62, 63, 63, 64, 65. 

 Flying birds, 369. 

 Flying mammals, 374, 379. 

 Flying phalangers, 378. 

 Flying reptiles, 357, 364. 

 Foetus, 335. 

 Fold, median, 188. 

 Follicle, hair, 324. 

 Food, see also under the various classes 



of animals ; of plants, 29. 

 Food groove, in brachiopods, 182, 184. 

 Foot, of gastropods, 238; of moUusks, 



206; of pelecypods, 208, 210, 211. 

 Foot muscles, in pelecypods, 209, 210, 



211, 214. 



Footprints, 328; perservation of, 328. 



Foot structure, inadaptive, in the extinc- 

 tion of the species, 374. 



Foramen, a small opening, as the 

 pedicle opening of brachiopods, 202. 



Foraminifera, 84, 88 ; food of scaphopods, 

 250; in formation of chalk, 89; 

 reproduction in, 89; skeleton of, 88. 



Poraminiferal ooze, 89. 



Fordilla, 222. 



Forearm, bones of, see radius and ulna; 

 of Equus, 394; of Mesohippus, 394; 

 of Orohippus, 394 ; of Prolohippus, 394. 



Fore foot, of Eohippus, 393, 393; of 

 Elquus, 393, 395 ; of Hyracotherium, 

 393; of Merychippus, 393; of Meso- 

 hippus, 393, 393 ; of Prolohippus, 393 ; 

 of Protorohippus, 393. 



Fore leg, bones of, see tibia and fibula; 

 of Equus, 394; of Mesohippus, 394; 

 of Orohippus, 394 ; of Prolohippus, 394. 



Fore limb, of the cat, 325, 327. 



Fossil butterflies, 319. 



Fossil flower buds, 61, 63, 64, 63. 



Fossil flowers, 76. 



Fossil forests, 11, 72. 



Fossil fruit, 37. 



Fossil insects, 319. 



Fossil leaf-buds, 62. 



Fossil, living, 70. 



Fossils, altered (petrifactions), 11; 

 chance of preservation, 5, 6 ; classifi- 

 cation of, 8, 9; collecting, 22; color 

 of, 20; conditions of their preserva- 

 tion, 3-8 ; definition of, 8 ; derivation 

 of name, 8; distortion of, 21 ; due to 

 former presence of organisms, 14; 

 index, 22 ; interpretation of, 23 ; 

 naming of, 24; of animals without 

 hard parts, 7 ; preservation in peat 

 bogs, 4 ; preservation of soft parts, 9 ; 

 preservation through carbonization, 

 13 ; preservation through freezing, 

 4, 7 ; preservation through incrusta- 

 tion, 3 ; preservation through molec- 

 ular replacement, 11, 12; preserva- 

 tion through pyritization, 12 ; pres- 

 ervation through silicification, 11, 

 12; pseudo, 21; restoration of, 17; 

 soft portions of animals preserved as, 

 7; unaltered (original), 9; unaltered 

 from Sankaty beds, 10. 



